Prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 partially protects rhesus macaques against reinfection with B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants
Open Access
- 21 September 2021
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in Science Translational Medicine
- Vol. 13 (618), eabj2641
- https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abj2641
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that result in increased transmissibility and partial evasion of neutralizing antibodies have recently emerged. Whether natural immunity induced by the original SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 strain protects against re-challenge with these SARS-CoV-2 variants remains a critical unresolved question. In this study, we show that natural immunity induced by the WA1/2020 strain leads to partial but incomplete protection against the SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 (alpha) and B.1.351 (beta) in rhesus macaques. We challenged rhesus macaques with B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 and showed that infection with these variants resulted in high viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract. We then infected rhesus macaques with the WA1/2020 strain and re-challenged them on day 35 with the WA1/2020, B.1.1.7, or B.1.351 variants. Natural immunity to WA1/2020 led to robust protection against re-challenge with WA1/2020 but only partial protection against re-challenge with B.1.351. An intermediate degree of protection was observed in rhesus macaques against re-challenge with B.1.1.7. These data demonstrate partial but incomplete protective efficacy of natural immunity induced by WA1/2020 against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Our findings have important implications for both vaccination and public health strategies in the context of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.This publication has 24 references indexed in Scilit:
- Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infectionScience, 2021
- Correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaquesNature, 2020
- Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Acute COVID-19 and Associations with Age and Disease SeverityCell, 2020
- Primary exposure to SARS-CoV-2 protects against reinfection in rhesus macaquesScience, 2020
- DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaquesScience, 2020
- SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaquesScience, 2020
- Single-shot Ad26 vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaquesNature, 2020
- Tracking Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike: Evidence that D614G Increases Infectivity of the COVID-19 VirusCell, 2020
- Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed IndividualsCell, 2020
- Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019Nature, 2020