目的：本研究旨在探讨化疗开始前外周血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, NLR)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，简称：慢阻肺)并肺癌患者一线化疗疗效的预测作用。方法：回顾性分析2014年01月~2020年01月于青岛市市立医院呼吸与危重症医学科住院治疗的66例慢性阻塞性肺疾病并肺癌患者，并以NLR的中位数3.95为依据，划为低NLR组和高NLR组，分析入组患者的病历资料和一线化疗疗效。结果：低NLR组和高NLR组患者在年龄、性别、吸烟史、TNM分期、组织病理类型和一线化疗方案上，差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。低NLR组近期化疗疗效明显优于高NLR组，差异有统计学意义(P Object: The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer before chemotherapy. Methods: From January 2014 to January 2020, 66 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Qingdao Municipal Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to the median NLR of 3.95, they were divided into the high NLR group and the low NLR group. Results: There was no significant difference in age, gender, smoking history, TNM stage, histopathological type and first-line chemotherapy between the high NLR group and the low NLR group (P > 0.05). The short-term chemotherapy effect of the low NLR group was significantly better than that of the high NLR group (P