WEE1 inhibition induces anti-tumor immunity by activating ERV and the dsRNA pathway
Open Access
- 26 November 2021
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Rockefeller University Press in The Journal of Experimental Medicine
- Vol. 219 (1)
- https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20210789
Abstract
Targeted therapies represent attractive combination partners with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) to increase the population of patients who benefit or to interdict the emergence of resistance. We demonstrate that targeting WEE1 up-regulates immune signaling through the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viral defense pathway with subsequent responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade even in cGAS/STING-deficient tumors, which is a typical phenotype across multiple cancer types. WEE1 inhibition increases endogenous retroviral elements (ERVs) expression by relieving SETDB1/H3K9me3 repression through down-regulating FOXM1. ERVs trigger dsRNA stress and interferon response, increasing recruitment of anti-tumor T cells with concurrent PD-L1 elevation in multiple tumor models. Furthermore, combining WEE1 inhibition and PD-L1 blockade induced striking tumor regression in a CD8+ T cell–dependent manner. A WEE1 inhibition–induced viral defense signature provides a potentially informative biomarker for patient selection for combination therapy with WEE1 and ICB. WEE1 inhibition stimulates anti-tumor immunity and enhances sensitivity to ICB, providing a rationale for the combination of WEE1 inhibitors and ICB in clinical trials.Funding Information
- Nature and Science Foundation of China (81874106, 81974408, 82002762, 82060472)
- National Institutes of Health (P50CA217685, U01 CA217842)
- Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation (SAC110052)
- Breast Cancer Research Foundation
- Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation
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