Redox Signaling in Widespread Health Benefits of Exercise
- 10 October 2020
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Mary Ann Liebert Inc in Antioxidants and Redox Signaling
- Vol. 33 (11), 745-760
- https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2019.7949
Abstract
Significance: Exercise-induced ROS production activates multiple intracellular signaling pathways through genomic and non-genomic mechanisms that are responsible for the beneficial effects of exercise in muscle. Beyond the positive effect of exercise on skeletal muscle cells, other tissues such as white and brown adipose, liver, central nervous system, endothelial, heart and endocrine organ tissues are also responsive to exercise. Recent Advances: Crosstalk between different cells is essential to achieve homeostasis and to promote the benefits of exercise through paracrine or endocrine signaling. This crosstalk can be mediated by different effectors that include the secretion of metabolites of muscle contraction, myokines and exosomes. During the past 20 years, it has been demonstrated that contracting muscle cells produce and secrete different classes of myokines, which functionally link muscle with nearly all other cell types. Critical Issues: The redox signaling behind this exercise-induced crosstalk is now being decoded. Many of these widespread beneficial effects of exercise require not only a complex ROS-dependent intramuscular signaling cascade, but simultaneously, an integrated network with many remote tissues. Future Directions: Strong evidence suggests that the powerful beneficial effect of regular physical activity for preventing (or treating) a large range of disorders might also rely on ROS-mediated signaling. Within a contracting muscle, ROS signalling may control exosomes and myokines secretion. In remote tissues, exercise generates regular and synchronized ROS waves, creating a transient pro-oxidative environment in many cells. These new concepts integrate exercise, ROS-mediated signalling and the widespread health benefits of exercise.Keywords
This publication has 168 references indexed in Scilit:
- A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesisNature, 2012
- Control of Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Contracting Skeletal MuscleAntioxidants and Redox Signaling, 2011
- The Unfolded Protein Response Mediates Adaptation to Exercise in Skeletal Muscle through a PGC-1α/ATF6α ComplexCell Metabolism, 2011
- Exercise intensity-dependent regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α mRNA abundance is associated with differential activation of upstream signalling kinases in human skeletal muscleJournal Of Physiology-London, 2010
- A tissue-scale gradient of hydrogen peroxide mediates rapid wound detection in zebrafishNature, 2009
- Antioxidants prevent health-promoting effects of physical exercise in humansProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009
- The role of exercise and PGC1α in inflammation and chronic diseaseNature, 2008
- Exercise induces expression of leukaemia inhibitory factor in human skeletal muscleJournal Of Physiology-London, 2008
- Transforming growth factor beta mediates hepatocyte apoptosis through Smad3 generation of reactive oxygen speciesBiochimie, 2007
- Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cellsNature, 2007