Effect of pulsed electric field on diabetes-induced glycated enzyme, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

Various electrical stimulation applications have been investigated in scientific literature of medicine, such as relieving pain, stimulating blood flow, and promoting wound healing. This study aims at observing the effects of a pulsed electric field (PEF) on advanced glycation end products (AGEs), oxidative stress, and inflammation in diabetes via in vitro and in vivo assays. An in vitro study was carried out to measure the impacts of PEF with an intensity of 7 KV on the function and structure of glycated superoxide dismutase (SOD) through enzymatic activity assay, and circular dichroism (CD), and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. For the in vivo experiment, diabetic mice were affected by PEF, and several indices relating to diabetes, including blood glucose level, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), antioxidant activity, oxidative stress biomarkers, and inflammation factors were studied. The result of in vitro assay demonstrated that PEF could modify glycated SOD structure, which this modification could be due to the rearrangement of dipole moments of glycated protein constituents. This modification leads to an 83 % and 31 % increase in enzymatic activity of in vitro and in vivo assays, respectively. The in vivo assessment results show a decrease in oxidative stress biomarkers indices, AGEs content, and inflammatory cytokines concentrations. The study's result unveiled that PEF would be effective in diabetes therapy and could be employed as a complementary method.