Morphological and productive Properties of Efe, Hamzadere, Çakmak and Tunca Rice Varieties in the Rice producing Conditions of North Macedonia

Abstract

The number of days to flowering and growth stages, plant and stem height, panicle length, number of panicles/ m2 , 1000 grains weight of paddy and biomass yield at harvest (straw + paddy rice) were examined in the newly introduced Turkish rice varieties Efe, Hamzadere, Çakmak and Tunca. The new varieties were grown under typical rice producing conditions in the Kocani rice producing region of North Macedonia during 2013 and 2014, in field trials set up in randomized complete block design, compared to standard variety San Andrea. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and LSD test. The studied varieties in both seasons showed shorter average period from seeding to flowering (89 to 93 days across varieties) compared to San Andrea (99.5 days), as well as faster development thru the rice growth phases. The Turkish varieties had a significantly shorter plant (90.75 cm to 94.54 cm) and stem (77.00 cm to 86.53 cm) compared to San Andrea (114.50 cm and 99.63 cm). The number of panicles per m2 varied between the two years, with average values from 526.17 in Efe to 647.17 in Tunca. The 1000 grains weight of paddy ranged from 29.03 g in Çakmak to 33.47 in Hamzadere. San Andrea had significantly higher 1000 grains weight, with average value of 37.88 g. The biomass (straw+ paddy) in all varieties was higher in the first year compared to the second. The average values ranged from 28608.34 kg/ha in Efe to 33850.00 kg/ha in Çakmak. The studied Turkish rice cultivars generally showed better results for the examined characteristics than the standard San Andrea (shorter vegetative stage, faster development and maturation, lower plant height, more stable biological yield) and as such are potentially suitable for cultivation in the rice producing conditions of North Macedonia.