Superiority of Iridium Photocatalyst and Role of Quinuclidine in Selective α-C(sp3)–H Alkylation: Theoretical Insights

Abstract

Recent experimental work reported that visible-light photoredox catalysis coupled with primary sulfonamides and electron-deficient alkenes could efficiently construct C–C bonds at the α-position of primary amine derivatives under mild conditions. Here, a systematic study was conducted to explore the non-negligible excited-state single-electron-transfer (SET) processes and the catalytic cycle. Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysis containing different site-selective functionalization, involved as a critical process during the reaction, was computationally characterized. The superiorities of iridium-based photoredox catalysts in terms of photoabsorption properties, phosphorescence rates, and electron-transfer rates for SET processes were focused on. In addition, the function of quinuclidine in the entire photocatalytic reaction was also probed. These intrinsic properties and detailed insights into the mechanism are supposed to be helpful to the understanding of the C–C bond functionalization reaction and the future application of the iridium-based photoredox catalyst.