Simulation analysis and optimization of fresh-slice multistage free-electron lasers
Open Access
- 17 March 2020
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review Accelerators and Beams
- Vol. 23 (3), 031304
- https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.031304
Abstract
The generation of femtosecond soft x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses with an energy of hundreds of microjoules has been demonstrated at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) based on fresh-slice multistage amplifications. In this paper, we present a comprehensive simulation analysis and methods to improve fresh-slice multistage XFELs. A time-dependent transverse kick along the bunch is generated by two passive corrugated structures. The resulting oscillating orbit is controlled by downstream kickers, enabling different slices of the bunch to lase. The simulations reproduce the LCLS experimental results in terms of the pulse energy, bandwidth, and statistics of spectral spikes. The simulations reveal time-domain pulse profile properties, such as the pulse duration and structure, that were unavailable experimentally. We discuss possible issues connected with the accelerator setup and propose a simpler and more robust variation of the scheme to generate XFEL pulses shorter than 3 fs.Funding Information
- U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-76SF00515)
- Laboratory Directed Research and Development
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
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