Effect of color information on the diagnostic performance of glaucoma in deep learning using few fundus images

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the convolutional neural network (CNN) model in glaucoma identification with three primary colors (red, green, blue; RGB) and split color channels using fundus photographs with a small sample size. Methods The dataset was prepared using color fundus photographs captured with a fundus camera (VX-10i, Kowa Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The training dataset consisted of 200 images, and the validation dataset contained 60 images. In the preprocessing stage, the color channels for the fundus images were separated into red (red model), green (green model), and blue (blue model) using OpenCV on Windows. All images were resized to squares with a size of 512 x 512 pixels for preprocessing before input into the model, and the model was fine-tuned with VGG16. Results The diagnostic performance was significantly higher in the green model [area under the curve (AUC) 0.946; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.851-0.982] than in the RGB model (AUC 0.800; 95% CI 0.658-0.893;P = 0.006), red model (AUC 0.746; 95% CI 0.601-0.851;P = 0.002), and blue model (AUC 0.558; 95% CI 0.405-0.700;P < 0.001). Conclusion The present study showed that the green digital filter is useful for structuring CNN models for automatic discrimination of glaucoma using fundus photographs with a small sample size. The present findings suggest that preprocessing, when creating the CNN model, is an important step for the identification of a large number of retinal diseases using color fundus photographs.