Introduction: Burning mouth syndrome is one of the most common in dentistry. It is chronic and presents a burning sensation in the oral mucosa with appearance in the tongue, mucous tissue, lips and / or palate that lasts from days, weeks or even months. Objective: To analyze the literature on the characteristics of burning mouth syndrome of etiology, epidemiology, classification, differential diagnosis and treatment. Methodology: For the bibliographic review with electronic search by the PUBMED and Google Scholar search engine with the keywords “burning mouth syndrome, etiology, epidemiology, classification, differential diagnosis and treatment