Host immune responses in the central nervous system during fungal infections
- 7 June 2022
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Wiley in Immunological Reviews
- Vol. 311 (1), 50-74
- https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.13101
Abstract
Fungal infections in the central nervous system (CNS) cause high morbidity and mortality. The frequency of CNS mycosis has increased over the last two decades as more individuals go through immunocompromised conditions for various reasons. Nevertheless, options for clinical interventions for CNS mycoses are still limited. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the host-pathogen interaction mechanisms in CNS mycoses for developing novel treatments. Although the CNS has been regarded as an immune-privileged site, recent studies demonstrate the critical involvement of immune responses elicited by CNS-resident and CNS-infiltrated cells during fungal infections. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of fungal invasion in the CNS, fungal pathogen detection by CNS-resident cells (microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons), roles of CNS-infiltrated leukocytes, and host immune responses. We consider that understanding host immune responses in the CNS is crucial for endeavors to develop treatments for CNS mycosis.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01‐AI088100, R01‐AI160737)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01‐NS120417)
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society (RG‐4536B2/1)
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