Media matters! Alterations in the loading and release of Histoplasma capsulatum extracellular vesicles in response to different nutritional milieus
- 22 June 2020
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Hindawi Limited in Cellular Microbiology
- Vol. 22 (9), e13217
- https://doi.org/10.1111/cmi.13217
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus that most frequently causes pneumonia, but can also disseminate and proliferate in diverse tissues. H. capsulatum has a complex secretion system that mediates the release of macromolecule‐degrading enzymes and virulence factors. The formation and release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important mechanism for non‐conventional secretion in both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. H. capsulatum EVs contain diverse proteins associated with virulence and are immunologically active. Despite the growing knowledge of EVs from H. capsulatum and other pathogenic fungi, the extent that changes in the environment impact the sorting of organic molecules in EVs has not been investigated. In this study, we cultivated H. capsulatum with distinct culture media to investigate the potential plasticity in EV loading in response to differences in nutrition. Our findings reveal that nutrition plays an important role in EV loading and formation, which may translate into differences in biological activities of these fungi in various fluids and tissues.Keywords
Funding Information
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (301304/2017‐3, 311179/2017‐7, 405520/2018‐2, 408711/2017‐7, 440015/2018‐9)
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (R01AI052733, R21AI124797)
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (VPPCB‐007‐FIO‐18‐2‐57, VPPIS‐001‐FIO‐18‐66)
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