Viral hepatitis among acute hepatitis patients attending tertiary care hospital in central India

Abstract

Viral hepatitis is a considerable public health burden affecting millions of people throughout the world. The incidence of viral hepatitis varies greatly depending upon geographic locations, age and gender. Exploring the etiological spectrum and clinic-epidemiological profile of acute viral hepatitis (AVH) becomes essential for strategizing the preventive measures to control the diseases. An epidemiological data depicting AVH situation and its etiologies is missing from central India. With the aim of fulfilling this lacuna, the present analysis was done on samples tested over a period of 2 years from July 2015 to June 2017. Of the 1901 hepatitis cases, 597 individuals (31.4%) were positive for AVH infection and HEV was the predominant cause followed by HBV, HAV and HCV. Co-infections of hepatitis viruses were detected in 42 cases. Co-infection of HEV with HBV was the commonest pattern. Male preponderance was observed among AVH positive cases and the age group of 26–45 years was the most susceptible to the viral hepatitis infections, except hepatitis A, which was the most frequent among children. Two hundred patients (33.45%) required hospitalization and 51 deaths were attributed to AVH infections. The analysis for the first time reports intricacies and viral etiologies of AVH in central India. Regular diagnosis of AVH etiology and monitoring of cases will help in patient management and assist disease control programs to take policy decisions.