Non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Part I: clinical and genetic heterogeneity and predictors of unfavorable prognosis
Open Access
- 5 December 2020
- journal article
- Published by Silicea - Poligraf, LLC in Russian Journal of Cardiology
- Vol. 25 (11), 3872
- https://doi.org/10.15829/29/1560-4071-2020-3872
Abstract
Non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCM) is a rare heart disease characterized by a two-layered ventricular wall, comprising a thinner compact epicardial layer and an inner non-compacted layer. However, only structural and morphological data without a thorough clinical assessment does not determine the NCM (regardless of the diagnostic criterion used).Aim. To study the NCM-related genes, phenotypic and genetic correlations, predictors of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTA) and adverse clinical outcomes.Material and methods. Of 93 individuals with identified morphological criteria of NCM (median follow-up, 5 years), the study included 60 unrelated patients (38,5±13,8 years of age; men, 33 (55%); left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 42,1±12,9%) with clinical verification of NCM (>1 obligate phenotypic trait). Adverse cardiovascular events were taken as the composite end point: life-threatening VTA, death, heart transplantation.Results. Pathogenic (or probably pathogenic) mutations were detected in 33 (55%) patients with NCM. The most common variants (57,9%) were identified in the sarcomere protein genes (TTN, MYBPC3, MYH7); digenic mutations were found in 21,6% of patients. Digenic mutations were associated with low LVEF and the highest risk of systolic dysfunction (OR, 38; 95% CI, 4,74-305; p=0,0001). Multivariate regression provided a predictive model (R=0,90; R2=0,81; F (5,41) =34,8; pConclusion. The study revealed a significant clinical and genetic heterogeneity of NCM with predominant mutations in the sarcomeric protein genes and determined the criteria for identification and prognosis of NCM.Keywords
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