Introduction: In recent days, usage of medicinal plants as an herbal drug to treat various kinds of ailments has got drastically increased. Conventionally, Curcuma longa (rhizome) is used in the treatment of inflammation, cancer, wound healing, diabetes, asthma, antioxidant, anti-aging, antimicrobial, etc. Materials and Methods: The present study deals with the pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical evaluation of different accessions of C. longa (rhizome). The pharmacognostical profiles include organoleptic study, microscopy evaluation of the rhizome, powder microscopy, physiochemical paramters and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content were carried out. Results and Discussion: Results showed that there are significant pharmacognostical variations in different accessions of turmeric. Conclusions: The result of the present study is useful in establishing the standards for identification, authentication, and evaluation of the plant material and the variations as well.