Clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 in patients with preexisting ILD: A retrospective study in a single center in Wuhan, China

Abstract

Background Since the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) pneumonia, many patients with underlying disease, such as interstitial lung disease (ILD), were admitted to Tongji hospital in Wuhan, China. To date, no data have ever been reported to reflect the clinical features of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) among these patients with pre‐existing ILD. Methods We analyzed the incidence and severity of COVID‐19 patients with ILD among 3201 COVID‐19 inpatients, and compared two independent cohorts of COVID‐19 patients with pre‐existing ILD (n=28) and non‐ILD COVID‐19 patients (n=130). Results Among those 3201 COVID‐19 inpatients, 28 of whom were COVID‐19 with ILD (0.88%). Fever was the predominant symptom both in COVID‐19 with ILD (81.54%) and non‐ILD COVID‐19 patients (72.22%). However, COVID‐19 patients with ILD were more likely to have cough, sputum, fatigue, dyspnea, and diarrhea. Very significantly higher number of neutrophils, monocytes, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐1β and D‐Dimer was characterized in COVID‐19 with ILD as compared to those of non‐ILD COVID‐19 patients. Furthermore, logistic regression models showed neutrophils counts, pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL6, IL1β, IL2R), and coagulation dysfunction biomarkers (D‐Dimer, PT, Fbg) were significantly associated with the poor clinical outcomes of COVID‐19. Conclusion ILD patients could be less vulnerable to SARS‐CoV‐2. However, ILD patients tend to severity condition after being infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. The prognosis of COVID‐19 patients with per‐existing ILD is significantly worse than that of non‐ILD patients. And more, aggravated inflammatory responses and coagulation dysfunction appear to be the critical mechanisms in the COVID‐19 patients with ILD.