Development of a new electrochemical sensor based on modified carbon paste electrode for simultaneous determination of norepinephrine and acetaminophen in real samples

Abstract

An electrochemical method has been described for the voltammetric oxidation and determination of norepinephrine (NE) at a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with RuO2 nano-roads and ionic liquid. The results indicated that the voltammetric response of norepinephrine was improved distinctly at the surface of modified electrode and the oxidation of norepinephrine at the surface of modified electrode occurs at a potential about 200 mV less positive than that of an unmodified CPE. The anodic peak was characterized and the process was diffusion-controlled. The current measured by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) presented a good linear property as a function of the concentration of norepinephrine in the range of 0.07-400.0 µM, with a detection limit of 0.02 µM for norepinephrine. Also, this modified electrode was used for simultaneous determination of norepinephrine and acetaminophen. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to norepinephrine and acetaminophen determination in pharmaceutical samples and urine as real samples.