Demand Response Model Development for Smart Households Using Time of Use Tariffs and Optimal Control—The Isle of Wight Energy Autonomous Community Case Study
Open Access
- 21 January 2020
- Vol. 13 (3), 541
- https://doi.org/10.3390/en13030541
Abstract
Residential variable energy price schemes can be made more effective with the use of a demand response (DR) strategy along with smart appliances. Using DR, the electricity bill of participating customers/households can be minimised, while pursuing other aims such as demand-shifting and maximising consumption of locally generated renewable-electricity. In this article, a two-stage optimization method is used to implement a price-based implicit DR scheme. The model considers a range of novel smart devices/technologies/schemes, connected to smart-meters and a local DR-Controller. A case study with various decarbonisation scenarios is used to analyse the effects of deploying the proposed DR-scheme in households located in the west area of the Isle of Wight (Southern United Kingdom). There are approximately 15,000 households, of which 3000 are not connected to the gas-network. Using a distribution network model along with a load flow software-tool, the secondary voltages and apparent-power through transformers at the relevant substations are computed. The results show that in summer, participating households could export up to 6.4 MW of power, which is 10% of installed large-scale photovoltaics (PV) capacity on the island. Average carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) reductions of 7.1 ktons/annum and a reduction in combined energy/transport fuel-bills of 60%/annum could be achieved by participating households.Funding Information
- Innovate UK (17660)
This publication has 24 references indexed in Scilit:
- Reducing Household Electricity Consumption through Demand Side Management: The Role of Home Appliance Scheduling and Peak Load ReductionEnergy Procedia, 2015
- Demand side management of photovoltaic-battery hybrid systemApplied Energy, 2015
- Flexible demand in the GB domestic electricity sector in 2030Applied Energy, 2015
- Optimal scheduling of household appliances for demand responseElectric Power Systems Research, 2014
- Optimized Control of Price-Based Demand Response With Electric Storage Space HeatingIEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2014
- Smart metering for residential energy efficiency: The use of community based social marketing for behavioural change and smart grid introductionRenewable Energy, 2014
- Demand response in smart electricity grids equipped with renewable energy sources: A reviewRenewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013
- Price-based demand side management: Assessing the impacts of time-of-use tariffs on residential electricity demand and peak shifting in Northern ItalyEnergy, 2012
- Demand Side Management Potential of Domestic Water Heaters and Space HeatersIFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2012
- The role of demand-side management in the grid integration of wind powerApplied Energy, 2010