The objective was to evaluate the influence of clinical (HC) and subclinical (HSC) hypocalcemia on the energetic metabolism and innate immune response of cows. The samples were divided into groups: Group 1: 74 samples (control), Group 2: 142 samples (HSC) and Group 3: 6 samples (HC). There was no difference in BHB and immune response. In G2 higher values of AGNE were detected on the day of delivery. In G3 higher levels of AGNE were observed on the 15th day postpartum in relation to the 30th day. Higher values of glucose were detected in G3 compared to G1 and G2. Thus, hypocalcemia did not cause alterations in the immune response but altered the energetic metabolism during the transition period.