Recovery of Logged Tropical Montane Rainforests as Potential Habitats for Hainan Gibbon
Open Access
- 30 May 2021
- Vol. 12 (6), 711
- https://doi.org/10.3390/f12060711
Abstract
As the world’s rarest ape, the main threat facing Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) is habitat degradation and loss caused by human disturbances. The insufficient area and continuous human disturbance in most of the existing habitats can hardly maintain the future recovery and development of the gibbon population. A large area of secondary tropical montane rainforest in recovery was retained in Bawangling National Nature Reserve after disturbance. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the recovery of these secondary forests for the protection and restoration of Hainan gibbon habitat. To explore the recovery of secondary tropical rainforests after different disturbances, and whether they have the potential to serve as the future habitats for Hainan gibbon, we calculated four dynamic indexes (including recruitment rate, mortality/loss rate, relative growth rate and turnover rate) of abundance and basal area for the total community and for food plants of Hainan gibbon based on data from two censuses of secondary forests recovered nearly 45 years after different disturbances (clear-cutting and selective-logging) and old-growth forest of tropical montane rainforest. The results are as follows: (1) There were no significant differences in recruitment rates, mortality rates and turnover rates of abundance and basal area between recovered clear-cutting forests, selectively logged forests and old-growth forests. (2) Abundance, basal area and species of small (1 < DBH ≤ 10 cm) and medium (10 ≤ DBH < 30 cm) food plants in the two disturbed forests were higher, while those of large food plants (DBH ≥ 30 cm) in the two forests were lower than in old-growth forests. (3) For the common food species occurring in all three kinds of communities, the relative growth rate of most small trees in clear-cutting forest was higher than that of old-growth forest. Our research demonstrates that the lack of large food plants is the key limiting factor for the development of the secondary mountain rainforest as habitats for Hainan gibbon at present. However, it has great potential to transform into suitable habitats through targeted restoration and management due to the high recruitment rate and relative growth rate of the small- and medium-sized food plants.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Nonprofit Institute Reasearch Grant of the Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAFYBB2019ZB010)
This publication has 49 references indexed in Scilit:
- The status of the Hainan gibbon Nomascus hainanus and the Eastern black gibbon Nomascus nasutusInternational Zoo Yearbook, 2011
- Degradation of tropical forest in Hainan, China, 1991–2008: Conservation implications for Hainan Gibbon (Nomascus hainanus)Biological Conservation, 2010
- The high value of logged tropical forests: lessons from northern BorneoBiodiversity and Conservation, 2010
- The Potential for Species Conservation in Tropical Secondary ForestsConservation Biology, 2009
- Effects of habitat disturbance and food supply on population densities of three primate species in the Kakamega Forest, KenyaAfrican Journal of Ecology, 2009
- Rates of change in tree communities of secondary Neotropical forests following major disturbancesPhilosophical Transactions B, 2006
- Nutritional Correlates of Population Density Across Habitats and Logging Intensities in Redtail Monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius)1Biotropica, 2006
- Tropical forest tree mortality, recruitment and turnover rates: calculation, interpretation and comparison when census intervals varyJournal of Ecology, 2004
- Forest Regeneration in a Chronosequence of Tropical Abandoned Pastures: Implications for Restoration EcologyRestoration Ecology, 2000
- Dynamics of the forest communities at Pasoh and Barro Colorado: comparing two 50–ha plotsPhilosophical Transactions B, 1999