The purpose of this book is to analyse financial literacy from theoretical and empirical points of view, with a particular focus on the evidence related to Italy. This work is motivated by the increasing complexity of financial instruments as well as by the evolution of individuals’ needs that result in the need to implement measures to increase individuals’ financial literacy. Since financial literacy level seems to determine an individual’s position in the financial system relative to other economic agents, financial illiteracy or the lack of financial knowledge and skills can lead to lifelong financial hardships (Lusardi & Mitchell, 2011). In this regard, a sufficient degree of financial literacy is a necessary condition for financial welfare (Lusardi & Mitchell, 2011).