CDH1 Mutation Distribution and Type Suggests Genetic Differences between the Etiology of Orofacial Clefting and Gastric Cancer
Open Access
- 3 April 2020
- Vol. 11 (4), 391
- https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11040391
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in CDH1, encoding epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), have been implicated in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC), lobular breast cancer, and both syndromic and non-syndromic cleft lip/palate (CL/P). Despite the large number of CDH1 mutations described, the nature of the phenotypic consequence of such mutations is currently not able to be predicted, creating significant challenges for genetic counselling. This study collates the phenotype and molecular data for available CDH1 variants that have been classified, using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics criteria, as at least ‘likely pathogenic’, and correlates their molecular and structural characteristics to phenotype. We demonstrate that CDH1 variant type and location differ between HDGC and CL/P, and that there is clustering of CL/P variants within linker regions between the extracellular domains of the cadherin protein. While these differences do not provide for exact prediction of the phenotype for a given mutation, they may contribute to more accurate assessments of risk for HDGC or CL/P for individuals with specific CDH1 variants.Funding Information
- National Health and Medical Research Council (AU/1/BA51117)
- American Association of Orthodontists Foundation (Faculty Development Award)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD000836)
- National Human Genome Research Institute (HG006493)
- Ohio State University (College of Dentistry Start Up)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (DE027879, DE014667, 1U01DE024449‐01, DE023575, DE024776, DE008559)
- March of Dimes Foundation (FY98‐0718, 6‐FY01‐616)
- University of Iowa (Start Up)
- National Institutes of Health (RO1/DE014667)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM114640)
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