Velocity Vector Imaging Assessment of Functional Change in the Right Ventricle during Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defect by Intracardiac Echocardiography

Abstract

The functional change of the right ventricle (RV) after atrial septal defect (ASD) via transcatheter closure is well known. We assessed the immediate RV functional change using velocity vector imaging (VVI) with intracardiac echocardiography (ICE). Seventy-four patients who underwent transcatheter closure of an ASD were enrolled. VVI in the “home view” of ICE showing the RV was obtained before and after the procedure. Velocity, strain, strain rate (SR), and longitudinal displacement were analyzed from VVI data, and the changes of these parameters before and after the procedure were compared. The velocity of the RV decreased after ASD transcatheter closure (3.97 ± 1.48 to 3.56 ± 1.4, p = 0.024), especially in the RV inlet and outlet. The average strain decreased (−19.21 ± 5.79 to −16.87 ± 5.03, p = 0.002), as did the average SR (−2.28 ± 0.64 to −2.03 ± 0.61, p = 0.006). The average longitudinal displacement did not differ. With the VVI technique, we could clearly observe RV functional change immediately after transcatheter closure of the ASD. RV functional change with regional difference may reflect the heterogeneity of volume reduction and suggest subclinical RV dysfunction. These findings can enhance our understanding of the physiologic changes in the RV during reverse remodeling.