In vitro study of Hesperetin and Hesperidin as inhibitors of zika and chikungunya virus proteases
Open Access
- 4 March 2021
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Public Library of Science (PLoS) in PLOS ONE
- Vol. 16 (3), e0246319
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246319
Abstract
The potential outcome of flavivirus and alphavirus co-infections is worrisome due to the development of severe diseases. Hundreds of millions of people worldwide live under the risk of infections caused by viruses like chikungunya virus (CHIKV, genus Alphavirus), dengue virus (DENV, genus Flavivirus), and zika virus (ZIKV, genus Flavivirus). So far, neither any drug exists against the infection by a single virus, nor against co-infection. The results described in our study demonstrate the inhibitory potential of two flavonoids derived from citrus plants: Hesperetin (HST) against NS2B/NS3pro of ZIKV and nsP2pro of CHIKV and, Hesperidin (HSD) against nsP2pro of CHIKV. The flavonoids are noncompetitive inhibitors and the determined IC50 values are in low µM range for HST against ZIKV NS2B/NS3pro (12.6 ± 1.3 µM) and against CHIKV nsP2pro (2.5 ± 0.4 µM). The IC50 for HSD against CHIKV nsP2pro was 7.1 ± 1.1 µM. The calculated ligand efficiencies for HST were > 0.3, which reflect its potential to be used as a lead compound. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations display the effect of HST and HSD on the protease 3D models of CHIKV and ZIKV. Conformational changes after ligand binding and their effect on the substrate-binding pocket of the proteases were investigated. Additionally, MTT assays demonstrated a very low cytotoxicity of both the molecules. Based on our results, we assume that HST comprise a chemical structure that serves as a starting point molecule to develop a potent inhibitor to combat CHIKV and ZIKV co-infections by inhibiting the virus proteases.Funding Information
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (435913/2016-6)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (401270/2014-9)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (307338/2014-2)
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2016/12904-0)
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2018/12659-0)
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2018/07572-3)
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2019/05614-3)
- Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (23/200.307/2014)
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