A Review of Inotropes and Inopressors for Effective Utilization in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

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Abstract
Inotropes and inopressors are often first-line treatment in patients with cardiogenic shock. We summarize the pharmacology, indications and contraindications of dobutamine, milrinone, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and levosimendan. We also review the data on use of these medications for acute decompensated heart failure and cardiogenic shock in this manuscript.