Pesticide Residues and Their Metabolites in Grapes and Wines from Conventional and Organic Farming System
Open Access
- 2 February 2021
- Vol. 10 (2), 307
- https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10020307
Abstract
In this study, the occurrence of pesticide residues and their metabolites in grapes and wines was investigated. A targeted analysis of 406 pesticide residues in 49 wine and grape samples from organic and conventional production were performed using the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction method, followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Multiple residues (>4 residues/sample) were detected in 22 tested samples. The most commonly detected residues were fungicides (e.g., boscalid) and insecticides (e.g., methoxyfenozide). An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry method (UHPLC–(HR)MS) was used for screening of pesticide metabolites. We also provide a method and database for detecting pesticide metabolites (extending our previously published database to 49 metabolites originating from 25 pesticides). An introduced strategy of targeted screening of pesticide metabolites was applied for authentication of 27 organic grapes and wines. In total, 23 samples were free of quantifiable residues/detected metabolites or contained residues approved for organic production.Funding Information
- Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (MEYS Grant No: LM2018100, NPU I LO1601)
- European Regional Development Fund (CZ.2.16/3.1.00/21537, CZ.2.16/3.1.00/24503)
- Horizon 2020 (Grant No. 727864)
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