The potential of pharmacological activities of the multi-compound treatment for GERD: literature review and a network pharmacology-based analysis
Open Access
- 23 June 2021
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Applied Biological Chemistry
- Vol. 64 (1), 1-17
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s13765-021-00617-2
Abstract
The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is rapidly increasing due to the adoption of a Westernized lifestyle; at the same time, safe and efficient treatment is required due to the side effects and refractoriness of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The frequently used multi-compound treatment for GERD in the current traditional Korean medicine (TKM) clinical field comprises Crassostrea gigas Thunberg shell (CGTS), Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam (BCT), Ponciri Fructus Immaturus (PFI), Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG), medicated leaven (ML) and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (GRR). The current review was based on “Kun-Shin-Choa-Sa” theory and network analysis was conducted to explore the potential pharmacological activities, including efficacy and mechanisms of action of multi-compound treatment against GERD. Hypergeometric test results showed that the targets of multi-compound treatment are significantly associated with GERD gene sets, consistent with the literature review findings. In particular, the enrichment analysis indicated that the SBG targets are related to the IL-17 signaling pathway, bile secretion, small-cell lung cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer, corroborating the literature review, particularly concerning anti-inflammatory effect. In the literature review, CGTS and BCT, classified as “Kun,” play a role in anti-acid, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects. The complementary “Shin” herbs, PFI and SBG, showed functions related to improving the prolonged gastric emptying rate, peristalsis, and a gastric cytoprotective effect. With the role of “Choa,” ML was suggested to inhibit H. pylori growth and diminish gastric acid secretion, consistent with the gastric acid secretion pathway in the enrichment analysis. However, the enrichment analysis did not show any significantly related pathways for CGTS and PFI, which may reflect the lack of information in the KEGG database in terms of the link between GERD, its mechanisms, and the abundance of minerals in CGTS. Despite the pharmacological potential of multi-compound treatment, this study should be corroborated by well-designed future experimental studies.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Research Foundation of Korea (2019R1F1A1059173)
- Gachon University (GCU-202002360001)
This publication has 77 references indexed in Scilit:
- Systematic review: the burden of disruptive gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease on health‐related quality of lifeAlimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2012
- The Role of Intestinal Microflora in Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Baicalin in MiceBiomolecules & Therapeutics, 2012
- Quantifying the chemical beauty of drugsNature Chemistry, 2012
- Helicobacter pylori Serology Inversely Correlated With the Risk and Severity of Reflux Esophagitis inHelicobacter pylori Endemic Area: A Matched Case-Control Study of 5,616 Health Check-Up KoreansJournal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 2011
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease: From pathophysiology to treatmentWorld Journal of Gastroenterology, 2010
- There is no difference in the disease severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease between patients infected and not infected with Helicobacter pyloriAlimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2004
- KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and GenomesNucleic Acids Research, 2000
- EFFECTS OF ALUMINUM/MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE AND CALCIUM CARBONATE ON ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC pH IN SUBJECTS WITH HEARTBURNClinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 1995
- Mechanism of Anti-Inflammatory Action of Glycyrrhizin: Effect on Neutrophil Functions Including Reactive Oxygen Species GenerationPlanta Medica, 1991
- Symptomatic Effect of a Low-Dose Antacid Regimen in Reflux OesophagitisScandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 1989