Design Forces of Horizontal Braces Unlocated at Middle of Columns considering Random Initial Geometric Imperfections
Open Access
- 29 November 2021
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Hindawi Limited in Advances in Civil Engineering
- Vol. 2021, 1-13
- https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1264270
Abstract
The horizontal bracing forces of column-bracing systems derived from past studies and current design codes were considered only located at middle of columns. Actually, the horizontal braces used to reduce the out-of-plane effective column lengths are frequently designed not to locate at middle of columns. In this paper, a large number of column-bracing systems with the horizontal braces unlocated at middle of columns were modelled and analyzed using the finite element method, in which the random initial geometric imperfections of both the columns and the horizontal braces unlocated at middle of columns were well considered by the Monte Carlo method. Based on the numerical calculations, parametric analysis, and probability statistics, the probability density function of the horizontal bracing forces was found, so that the corresponding design forces of horizontal braces unlocated at middle of columns were proposed which were compared with the design mid-height horizontal bracing forces in the previous study and the relevant codes. The results indicate that the design forces of the horizontal braces located at 0.6 column height are smaller than the mid-height horizontal bracing forces in the previous study while the design forces of horizontal braces located at 0.7 column height are larger than the mid-height horizontal bracing forces in the previous study. The proposed design forces of the horizontal braces located and unlocated at middle of columns are both smaller than the mid-height horizontal bracing forces stipulated in GB50017-2017, Eurocode 3-1992, and AS4100-1998. The above conclusions provide references for the engineering applications and further related code revisions.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (51008055, LH2019E006)
This publication has 12 references indexed in Scilit:
- Effect of Random Distribution of Member Length Imperfection on Collapse Behavior and Reliability of Flat Double-Layer Grid Space StructuresAdvances in Structural Engineering, 2015
- Study on mid-height horizontal bracing forces considering random initial geometric imperfectionsJournal of Constructional Steel Research, 2014
- A design procedure of dissipative braces for seismic upgrading structuresEarthquakes and Structures, 2013
- Reliability of StructuresPublished by Taylor & Francis Ltd ,2012
- Practical Advanced Design Considering Random Distribution of Initial Geometric ImperfectionsAdvances in Structural Engineering, 2011
- Parametric Studies on Inter-Column Brace ForcesAdvances in Structural Engineering, 2008
- Bracing requirements of inelastic columnsJournal of Constructional Steel Research, 1999
- Winter's bracing approach revisitedEngineering Structures, 1996
- Lateral Bracing Forces in Columns with Two Unequal SpansJournal of Structural Engineering, 1993
- Design forces of horizontal inter-column bracesJournal of Constructional Steel Research, 1987