Iturin A Extracted FromBacillus subtilisWL-2 AffectsPhytophthora infestansvia Cell Structure Disruption, Oxidative Stress, and Energy Supply Dysfunction
Open Access
- 9 September 2020
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Frontiers Media SA in Frontiers in Microbiology
Abstract
Potato late blight, caused byPhytophthora infestans(Mont.) de Bary, represents a great food security threat worldwide and is difficult to control. Recently,Bacillusspp. have been considered biocontrol agents to control many plant diseases. Here,Bacillus subtilisWL-2 was selected as a potent strain againstP. infestansmycelium growth, and its functional metabolite was identified as Iturin A via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that Iturin A caused cell membrane disruption and an irregular internal cell structure. In addition, Iturin A triggered oxidative stress reactions similarly to reactive oxygen species (ROS) inP. infestanscells and caused mitochondrial damage, including mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity (MRCCA), and ATP production decline. These results highlight that the cell structure disruption, oxidative stress, and energy supply dysfunction induced by Iturin A play an important role in inhibitingP. infestans. Additionally,B. subtilisWL-2 and Iturin A have great potential for inhibitingP. infestansmycelium growth and controlling potato late blight in the future.This publication has 39 references indexed in Scilit:
- Mechanisms of the Antifungal Action of Marine Metagenome-Derived Peptide, MMGP1, against Candida albicansPLOS ONE, 2013
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Q‐426 as a potential biocontrol agent against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciaeJournal of Basic Microbiology, 2013
- Characterization of an antifungal compound produced byBacillussp. strain A5F that inhibitsSclerotinia sclerotiorumJournal of Basic Microbiology, 2012
- Natural functions of lipopeptides fromBacillusandPseudomonas: more than surfactants and antibioticsFEMS Microbiology Reviews, 2010
- Iturin A is the principal inhibitor in the biocontrol activity ofBacillus amyloliquefaciensPPCB004 against postharvest fungal pathogensJournal of Applied Microbiology, 2010
- Cellular Responses of the Late Blight Pathogen Phytophthora infestans to Cyclic Lipopeptide Surfactants and Their Dependence on G ProteinsApplied and Environmental Microbiology, 2009
- Bacillus lipopeptides: versatile weapons for plant disease biocontrolTrends in Microbiology, 2008
- Surfactin and fengycin lipopeptides of Bacillus subtilis as elicitors of induced systemic resistance in plantsEnvironmental Microbiology, 2007
- P/O ratios of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylationBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 2005
- Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species Is an Important Mediator of Miconazole Antifungal EffectAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2002