多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis, MS)是一种常见的中枢神经系统炎性脱髓鞘疾病，好发于中青年，是成人神经性致残的主要原因。因其有较高的发病率、慢性病程和青壮年易患而备受关注。目前MS尚无有效的根治疗法，临床上仍以疾病修正治疗为主。因此探索新的治疗方法尤为重要。诱导性多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSCs)具有干细胞的分化全能性，不仅成功避开了胚胎干细胞的伦理问题，同时也解决了干细胞来源受限的问题，有望成为MS的良好治疗方式。 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, which occurs in young and middle-aged people and is the main cause of neurological disability in adults. Because of its high morbidity, chronic course, and susceptibility to young adults, it has attracted much attention. At present, there is no effective root therapy for MS, and the disease correction therapy is still the main clinical practice. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore new treatment methods. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have stem cell differentiation totipotency, which not only successfully avoids the ethical problems of embryonic stem cells, but also solves the problem of limited stem cell sources. It is expected to become a good treatment for MS.