Microtubule organization and dynamics in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia
- 23 April 2020
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Wiley in Developmental Neurobiology
- Vol. 81 (3), 310-320
- https://doi.org/10.1002/dneu.22753
Abstract
Though much is known about microtubule organization and microtubule‐based transport in neurons, the development and function of microtubules in glia are more enigmatic. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature on microtubules in ramified brain cells, including oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia. We focus on normal cell biology – how structure relates to function in these cells. In oligodendrocytes, microtubules are important for extension of processes that contact axons and for elongating the myelin sheath. Recent studies demonstrate that new microtubules can form outside of the oligodendrocyte cell body off of Golgi outpost organelles. In astrocytes and microglia, changes in cell shape and ramification can be influenced by neighboring cells and the extracellular milieu. Finally, we highlight key papers implicating glial microtubule defects in neurological injury and disease and discuss how microtubules may contribute to invasiveness in gliomas. Thus, future research on the mechanisms underlying microtubule organization in normal glial cell function may yield valuable insights on neurological disease pathology.Keywords
Funding Information
- Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation
This publication has 91 references indexed in Scilit:
- A De Novo Mutation in the β-Tubulin Gene TUBB4A Results in the Leukoencephalopathy Hypomyelination with Atrophy of the Basal Ganglia and CerebellumAmerican Journal of Human Genetics, 2013
- Studying subcellular detail in fixed astrocytes: dissociation of morphologically intact glial cells (DIMIGs)Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 2013
- Neurite outgrowth inhibitor Nogo-A establishes spatial segregation and extent of oligodendrocyte myelinationProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011
- Sir-two-homolog 2 (Sirt2) modulates peripheral myelination through polarity protein Par-3/atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) signalingProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011
- Development of a Method for the Purification and Culture of Rodent AstrocytesNeuron, 2011
- Microtubule-Severing ATPase Spastin in Glioblastoma: Increased Expression in Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines and Inverse Roles in Cell Motility and ProliferationJournal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 2011
- Identification and functional characterization of rare mutations of the neuroligin-2 gene ( NLGN2 ) associated with schizophreniaHuman Molecular Genetics, 2011
- Kif1b is essential for mRNA localization in oligodendrocytes and development of myelinated axonsNature Genetics, 2009
- Redefining the concept of reactive astrocytes as cells that remain within their unique domains upon reaction to injuryProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006
- Preparation of separate astroglial and oligodendroglial cell cultures from rat cerebral tissue.The Journal of cell biology, 1980