目的：通过兔椎骨骨缺损模型体内实验评估该新型组合骨水泥作为椎体填充材料的有效性和可行性。方法：将72只兔椎骨骨缺损模型随机分为三组：聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)组，实验(组合物)组和空白对照组。PMMA和实验组分别使用PMMA骨水泥和组合物填充。术后4、8、12周时处死动物。在每个时间点进行微型CT分析，生物力学测试和组织学分析。结果：从植入填充物后4~12周，实验组填充物有效强化兔椎骨与PMMA组无明显差异(P > 0.05)，同时通过微CT及组织学观察发现实验组填充的组合物周围骨小梁生长在三组中最明显(P Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of the new composite bone cement as vertebral body filling material by in vivo experiments of rabbit vertebral bone defect model. Methods: 72 rabbit bone defect models were randomly divided into three groups: polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) group, experimental group and blank control group. PMMA and experimental groups were filled with PMMA cement and composition respectively. Animals were sacrificed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation. Micro CT analysis, biomechanical test and histological analysis were performed at each time point. Results: There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the PMMA group from 4 to 12 weeks after implantation (P>0.05). At the same time, micro CT and histological observation showed that the trabeculae around the composition filled in the experimental group were the most obvious in the three groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Allogeneic bone and PMMA bone cement composition can effectively strengthen bone defect vertebrae and promote bone action. The composition can be used as valuable biomaterial for vertebral body filler.