The article is devoted to the study of metaphor as a basic constant of Spanish fictional discourse. The article deals with the peculiarities of the functioning of the Spanish fictional discourse, due to the specifics of historical development and the peculiarities of geographical location. The relevance of the study is due to the importance of considering the national and cultural specifics. Special attention is paid to the formation of the national picture of the world. The overview of the concepts of “picture of the world”, “ fictional discourse”, “metaphor” is given. The subject of the study is the texts of modern Spanish-language authors as J.J. Millas, Antonio Pometa, Pepa Merlo, Sara Mesa, Javier Mesa, Berta Marce. The above-mentioned authors actively use metaphor in their works, emphasizing a number of moments from the life of their characters, the peculiarities of their worldview, revealing a new implicit meaning inherent in the texts. The author of the article shows that metaphors become a basic constant of the Spanish fictional discourse, because of Spanish culture, being by its nature a culture of the hidden type, strives at all times of its existence to create works with a hidden meaning that require decoding and interpretation on the part of the reader. The Spanish authors create riddle texts with different readings and answers to the questions posed. The active use of metaphors determines the careful selection of vocabulary, showing the peculiarities of the national and cultural consciousness of the Spanish nation, which is prone to increased expressiveness of fictional discourse. The metaphor becomes not just a trope in the literary text, but the model that connects together different levels of the text space, being a semantic reflection of the model and picture of the world of Spanish authors.