Boosting Electroreduction Kinetics of Nitrogen to Ammonia via Tuning Electron Distribution of Single‐Atomic Iron Sites

Abstract

Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) plays a vital role for next‐generation electrochemical energy conversion technologies. However, the NRR kinetics is still limited by the sluggish hydrogenation process on noble‐metal‐free electrocatalyst. Herein, we report the rational design and synthesis of a hybrid catalyst with atomic iron sites anchored on a N,O‐doped porous carbon (FeSA‐NO‐C) matrix of an inverse opal structure, leading to a remarkably high NH3 yield rate of 31.9 µgNH3 h‐1 mg‐1cat. and Faradaic efficiency of 11.8% at ‐0.4 V for NRR electrocatalysis, outperformed almost all previously reported atomically dispersed metal‐nitrogen‐carbon catalysts. Theoretical calculations revealed that the observed high NRR catalytic activity for the FeSA‐NO‐C catalyst stemmed mainly from the optimized charge‐transfer between the adjacent O and Fe atoms homogenously distributed on the porous carbon support, which could not only significantly facilitate the transportation of N2 and ions but also effectively decrease the binding energy between the isolated Fe atom and *N2 intermediate and the thermodynamic Gibbs free energy of the rate‐determining step (*N2 → *NNH). A proof‐of‐concept Zn‐N2 battery with FeSA‐NO‐C as the cathode demonstrated the self‐power capability to convert N2 into NH3 while delivering a power density of up to 4.5 mW cm‐2 and an energy density of 692.9 Wh kg‐1.