Research aim. The purpose of the study is to form a complete and clear idea of approaches to calculating the profitability of Ukrainian enterprises in the conditions of a war economy, which is especially relevant in the conditions of a full-scale war between the Russian Federation and Ukraine.Research methods: positivism, which assumes the presence and application of various scientific paradigms and theories within certain scientific disciplines; systematic approach; general methodological principles of the system approach, empirical method and method of idealization; comparison, analysis, synthesis, interpretation, generalization.Research results. A complete and clear understanding of approaches to calculating the profitability of Ukrainian enterprises in the conditions of the military economy was formed. The concept of the military economy was also clarified. Under peaceful conditions and a market economy, as well as under conditions of a hybrid war while maintaining market relations in part of the state’s territories, three main groups of indicators should be used to calculate the profitability of enterprises: cost, income, and resource. To calculate the profitability of enterprises of the military-industrial complex, it is also worth using a specific indicator, which consists in weighing the combat effect of manufactured products on their cost price.Potential application of the research results: on the basis of the developed provisions, it is possible to develop organizational and methodical provisions for the analysis of profitability in the conditions of the military economy.Conclusions. The branches of the war economy were examined, and the fact that they were all related to the branches of the normal peacetime market economy was emphasized. After considering the existing classifications, a generalized version was given that divides the military economy into the following areas: 1) purely military production of means of armed struggle, 2) civilian production of means of armed struggle, 3) civilian production of ordinary civilian products, 4) military economy.In the traditional form, the concept of profitability in the conditions of the war economy is absent. Instead, in order to analyze at least the efficiency of the production process, it is suggested to limit the use of indicators of the productivity of the enterprise’s activity and to estimate labor productivity in the calculation of one employee or per unit of working time. JEL classіfіcatіon: D20, H56