Salivary metabolome of children and adolescents under peritoneal dialysis

Abstract

Objective To study the influence of peritoneal dialysis (PD) on the salivary metabolite profile of children and adolescents with renal failure. Materials and methods Healthy children/adolescents (n = 31; mean age: 12.18 ± 3.76) and children/adolescents subjected to PD (n = 12; mean age: 10.10 ± 4.25) were recruited. Oral health status assessed by the dmft/DMFT and Volpe-Manhold calculus indices. The ¹H spectra were acquired in a 600-MHz Bruker nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer and were subjected to multivariate analysis using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), orthogonal PLS-DA (O-PLS-DA), and univariate analysis through chi-square and t tests (SPSS 20.0, IL, USA), with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results A similar caries pattern (p = 0.57; chi-square test) was observed between the healthy (dmft = 0.72 ± 1.28 and DMFT 0.93 ± 2.30) and PD groups (dmft = 2.14 ± 3.67, DMFT 0.33 ± 0.71) and dental calculus (p > 0.05, t test). PLS-DA and O-PLS-DA were able to distinguish both groups (ACC = 0.85, R² = 0.80, Q² = 0.15). Salivary metabolites decrease in creatine, propionate, and sugar levels in the PD group and an increase in creatinine, butyrate, and lactate levels when compared with the healthy group. Conclusions Children and adolescents subjected to PD have a different salivary metabolic profile from that of their healthy subjects. Clinical relevance Complications of peritoneal dialysis procedures could be monitored by proper knowledge of saliva characteristics as predictors of peritonitis-related outcome. The use of metabolomics in pediatric nephrology may be an innovative methodology for the early diagnosis and monitoring of kidney diseases.