pT1 high-grade bladder cancer: histologic criteria, pitfalls in the assessment of invasion, and substaging
- 1 July 2020
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Virchows Archiv
- Vol. 477 (1), 3-16
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-020-02808-6
Abstract
Most patients with bladder carcinoma are diagnosed with non-muscle-invasive disease, stage Ta, and pT1. Stage remains as the single most important prognostic indicator in urothelial carcinoma. Among the pT1 bladder cancer patients, recurrence and progression of disease occur in 50% and 10%, respectively. The identification of high-risk patients within the pT1 subgroup remains an important clinical goal and an active field of research. Substaging of pT1 disease has been claimed as important histologic discriminator by the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the genitourinary tract tumors and by the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging manual supporting its implementation in clinical practice. Interobserver variation in pT1 diagnosis and the associated pitfalls in pT1 assessment are the critical pathological issues. The aim of this review paper is to provide the practicing pathologist with the state of the art of morphological and immunohistochemical features useful for the diagnosis of early invasive bladder carcinomas, including practical clues on how to avoid relevant interpretative pitfalls, and to summarize the current status of pT1 substaging.This publication has 66 references indexed in Scilit:
- Does Muscularis Mucosae Invasion in Extensively Lamina Propria–invasive High-grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma Provide Additional Prognostic Information?The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 2013
- Prognostic Significance of Substaging according to the Depth of Lamina Propria Invasion in Primary T1 Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the BladderKorean Journal of Urology, 2012
- In response—A modified staining protocol for Smoothelin immunostainingVirchows Archiv A Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology, 2011
- Handling and reporting of transurethral resection specimens of the bladder in Europe: a web‐based survey by the European Network of Uropathology (ENUP)Histopathology, 2011
- Smoothelin immunohistochemistry is a useful adjunct for assessing muscularis propria invasion in bladder carcinomaHistopathology, 2010
- Pitfalls in the Use of Smoothelin to Identify Muscularis Propria Invasion by Urothelial CarcinomaThe American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 2010
- Papillary carcinoma of the breast lacks evidence of RET rearrangements despite morphological similarities to papillary thyroid carcinomaLaboratory Investigation, 2009
- Reproducibility and Prognostic Variability of Grade and Lamina Propria Invasion in Stages Ta, T1 Urothelial Carcinoma of the BladderJournal of Urology, 2003
- The Value of a Second Transurethral Resection in Evaluating Patients with Bladder TumoursEuropean Urology, 2003
- THE PREDICTIVE VALUE OF MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE INVASION AND p53 OVER EXPRESSION ON PROGRESSION OF STAGE T1 BLADDER CARCINOMAJournal of Urology, 2001