A modified olanzapine-based anti-emetic regimen for the control of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving weekly cisplatin

Abstract

Background There is limited data on specific antiemetic protocols for control of chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting (CINV) caused by weekly cisplatin regimens. Olanzapine is an active agent against CINV and may offer better control of nausea compared to aprepitant/fosaprepitant-based regimens. The usual antiemetic dose of olanzapine (10 mg for four days) causes problems with drowsiness. A lower dose may be as effective with lesser side effects in patients receiving weekly cisplatin. Objective To assess the control of nausea, vomiting, and occurrence of side effects with a modified olanzapine-based antiemetic regimen among patients with carcinoma of the cervix receiving concurrent cisplatin with pelvic radiotherapy. Setting Tertiary cancer hospital in Southern India. Methods We used a modified regimen "mini-OPD", oral olanzapine (5 mg) days 1 and 2, intravenous palonosetron (0.25 mg) and dexamethasone (12 mg) on day 1 of cisplatin administration in patients with carcinoma of the cervix receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy with weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m(2)/week). At our centre, these patients remained inpatients throughout chemoradiotherapy. CINV-related outcomes were captured in the patients' records by the treating physician in the subsequent week (up to 6 times per patient depending on the number of cycles). We audited these records to calculate the complete response (CR defined as no emetic episodes and no use of rescue medication) rate. Main outcome measure Grades of nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness as per CTCAE v4.0. Results Data of 65 patients (median age: 48 years) who received mini-OPD regimen (median doses of cisplatin/patient: 4) was available. The CR rate was 55%. Considering all cycles together (217 weekly assessment points), "no nausea" target was attained in 125 (58%) assessments and "no vomiting" in 168 (77%). There were no significant side effects. Conclusions The mini-OPD regimen is an inexpensive, non-toxic and effective regimen for the prevention of CINV in patients receiving weekly cisplatin concurrent with pelvic radiotherapy.