近年来中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)已成为研究热点，目前被认为是包括慢性肾脏病(CKD)、心血管疾病(CVD)以及恶性肿瘤的炎症状态标志物。研究表明NLR、PLR不仅参与CKD的炎症反应，更与疾病的进展和预后息息相关。同时，NLR、PLR也影响着糖尿病肾病、狼疮性肾炎等疾病的发生与发展。因此，本文就NLR、PLR在CKD中的研究进展作一综述，以期为CKD患者炎症状态、疾病进展及预后的预测提供新的证据，并为CKD的诊治提供新的思路。 In recent years, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have become research hotspots. It is currently considered as a marker of inflammation including chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and malignant tumors. Studies have shown that NLR and PLR are not only involved in the inflammatory response of CKD, but are also closely related to the progression and prognosis of the disease. At the same time, NLR and PLR also affect the occurrence and development of diseases such as diabetic nephropathy and lupus nephritis. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress of NLR and PLR in CKD, hoping to provide new evidence for the prediction of inflammatory state, disease progression and prognosis of CKD patients, and provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of CKD.