History and progress of hypotheses and clinical trials for Alzheimer’s disease
Top Cited Papers
Open Access
- 23 August 2019
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
- Vol. 4 (1), 1-22
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-019-0063-8
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss along with neuropsychiatric symptoms and a decline in activities of daily life. Its main pathological features are cerebral atrophy, amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of patients. There are various descriptive hypotheses regarding the causes of AD, including the cholinergic hypothesis, amyloid hypothesis, tau propagation hypothesis, mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, calcium homeostasis hypothesis, neurovascular hypothesis, inflammatory hypothesis, metal ion hypothesis, and lymphatic system hypothesis. However, the ultimate etiology of AD remains obscure. In this review, we discuss the main hypotheses of AD and related clinical trials. Wealthy puzzles and lessons have made it possible to develop explanatory theories and identify potential strategies for therapeutic interventions for AD. The combination of hypometabolism and autophagy deficiency is likely to be a causative factor for AD. We further propose that fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has the potential to treat AD.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171369)
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
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