Thromboelastography-guided management of coagulopathy in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Abstract

Purpose Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) can cause severe hemodynamic deterioration requiring support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). ECMO is associated with hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications. In 2015, we standardized anti-coagulation management on ECMO, incorporating thromboelastography (TEG) as an adjunct to manage hemostasis of CDH patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate our blood product utilization, choice of blood product use in response to abnormal TEG parameters, and the associated effect on bleeding and thrombotic complications. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all CDH neonates supported by ECMO between 2008 and 2018. Blood product administration, TEG data, and hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications data were collected. We divided subjects into two groups pre-2015 and post-2015. Results After 2015, platelet transfusion was administered for a low maximum amplitude (MA) more frequently (77% compared to 65%,p = 0.0007). Cryoprecipitate was administered less frequently for a low alpha-angle (28% compared to 41%,p = 0.0016). There was no difference in fresh frozen plasma use over time. After standardizing the use of TEG, we observed a significant reduction in hemothoraces (18% compared to 54%,p = 0.026). Conclusion Institutional standardization of anti-coagulation management of CDH neonates on ECMO, including the use of goal-directed TEG monitoring may lead to improved blood product utilization and a decrease in bleeding complications in neonates with CDH supported by ECMO.