Elevated circulating growth differentiation factor 15 is related to decreased heart rate variability in chronic kidney disease patients
Open Access
- 1 January 2021
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Taylor & Francis Ltd in Renal Failure
- Vol. 43 (1), 340-346
- https://doi.org/10.1080/0886022x.2021.1880938
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15(GDF15) is a distant member of the superfamily of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). It has been established that increased GDF15 levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the detail effect of GDF15 on cardiovascular system in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) needs detail analysis. Patients with CKD who did not need dialysis were enrolled in the study. Blood pressure (BP), endothelial function, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and heart rate variability (HRV) were taken in all subjects. Plasma GDF15 concentration was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among the 355 participants, the mean age was 57.4 (±14.2) years old and the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 50.1 (±33.2) mL/min/1.73m2. The average plasma GDF15 level was 1394.7 (±610.1) pg/mL. Higher GDF15 concentrations were significantly associated with decreased eGFR and increased urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (uPCR). In multivariable models, after adjusting for potential confounders, plasma GDF15 has negative concerning with HRV parameters including the standard deviation of the normal-to-normal (NN) interval (SDNN), the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals (RMSSD) and Triangular Index. We observed there was a link between increased plasma of GDF15 and decreased HRV. The mechanisms and prediction of GDF15 in the cardiovascular disease with CKD needs further discussion and study.Keywords
This publication has 33 references indexed in Scilit:
- Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15): A survival protein with therapeutic potential in metabolic diseasesPharmacology & Therapeutics, 2019
- The MIC-1/GDF15-GFRAL Pathway in Energy Homeostasis: Implications for Obesity, Cachexia, and Other Associated DiseasesCell Metabolism, 2018
- Targeting Obesity and Cachexia: Identification of the GFRAL Receptor–MIC-1/GDF15 PathwayTrends in Molecular Medicine, 2017
- The metabolic effects of GDF15 are mediated by the orphan receptor GFRALNature Medicine, 2017
- GFRAL is the receptor for GDF15 and is required for the anti-obesity effects of the ligandNature Medicine, 2017
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as a Biomarker in Cardiovascular DiseaseClinical Chemistry, 2017
- Chronic Kidney DiseaseThe Lancet, 2016
- Chronic kidney disease and 10-year risk of cardiovascular deathEuropean Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 2015
- The diverse roles of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug activated gene (NAG-1/GDF15) in cancerBiochemical Pharmacology, 2013
- MIC-1, a novel macrophage inhibitory cytokine, is a divergent member of the TGF-β superfamilyProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1997