Chemically synthesized chevron-like graphene nanoribbons for electrochemical sensors development: determination of epinephrine
Open Access
- 3 September 2020
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Scientific Reports
- Vol. 10 (1), 1-11
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71554-1
Abstract
We employ chevron-like graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) synthesized by a solution-based chemical route to develop a novel electrochemical sensor for determination of the neurotransmitter epinephrine (EPI). The sensor surface, a glassy carbon electrode modified with GNRs, is characterized by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, which show that the electrode surface modification comprises of bi-dimensional multilayer-stacked GNRs that retain their molecular structure. The charge transfer process occurring at the electrode interface is evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The sensor is applied to the determination of EPI, employing as an analytical signal the reduction peak corresponding to the epinephrinechrome–leucoepinephrinechrome transition (E = − 0.25 V) instead of the oxidation peak usually employed in the literature (E = + 0.6 V) in order to minimize interferences. The results obtained demonstrate that chevron-like nanoribbons synthesized by solution methods exhibit reliable electrocatalytic activity for EPI determination. Using differential pulse voltammetry, we obtain a linear concentration range from 6.4 × 10–6 to 1.0 × 10–4 M and a detection limit of 2.1 × 10–6 M. The applicability of the sensor was evaluated by determining EPI in pharmaceutical samples with satisfactory results.Keywords
Funding Information
- Comunidad de Madrid (S2013/MIT-3029, S2013/MIT-3029, PEJD-2017/IND4130, S2013/MIT-3029, S2013/MIT-3029, S2013/MIT-3029, S2013/MIT-3029, S2013/MIT-3029)
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MAT2017-85089-C2-2-R, MAT2016-78293-C6-3-R, MAT2016-78293-C6-3-R, MAT2017-85089-C2-1-R, MAT2017-85089-C2-2-R, MAT2016-78293-C6-3-R, MAT2017-85089-C2-1-R, MAT2017-85089-C2-1-R, MAT2017-85089-C2-2-R, MAT2017-85089-C2-2-R, MAT2017-85089-C2-2-R)
- Xunta de Galicia (2016-2019 ED431G/09, 2016-2019 ED431G/09, 2016-2019 ED431G/09)
- European Regional Development Fund
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