Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Risk Assessment of Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated Naphthalenes, and Metals in Atmosphere Around Industrial Parks in Jiangsu, China

Abstract

Air samples were collected around industrial parks in Jiangsu, China, to allow the concentrations, profiles, and risk assessment of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), and metals to be investigated. The concentrations of ΣPBDD/Fs and ΣPCNs were 1324.26–2080.98 fg/m³ (11.35–42.57 fg I-TEQ/m³) and 10,404.9–29,322.9 fg/m³ (1.32–7.19 fg I-TEQ/ m³), respectively. The highest concentration of ΣPBDD/Fs and ΣPCNs were observed at site C. PBDD/Fs were mainly dominated by PBDFs. The main contributor to the ΣPBDD/Fs in all samples was 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpBDF, which accounted for 25.75%–39.4%. For PCNs, the predominating homologues were tetra-, tri- and penta-CNs, which contributed 30.7%–43.3%, 24.7%–31.0%, and 10.6%–21.6%, respectively. As for metals, the pollution of As, Mn, Cr, and Ni in most samples exceeded National Ambient Air Quality Standards of China. Assessing the risk of inhalation exposure showed that there were potential carcinogenic risks to local residents.