Low‐Normal Platelets and Decreasing Platelets Are Risk Factors for Hearing Impairment Development

Abstract

Objective Identification of undefined risk factors will be crucial for the development of therapeutic strategies in hearing impairment. Platelets are likely to affect the development of sudden sensorineural hearing loss, which is a primary risk factor for permanent hearing impairment. This implies that abnormal platelets might contribute to long‐term hearing loss. This study investigated the role of platelets in the development of hearing impairment over a 5‐year period. Methods This study was a retrospective cohort study and consisted of a population‐based survey, which was performed for 1,897 participants in 2014 to 2019. To evaluate the effect of platelet level on hearing ability, the subjects were divided into two groups: a high‐normal platelet group (25 ∼ 40 × 10⁴ cells/μL) and a low‐normal platelet group (15 ∼ 25 × 10⁴ cells/μL). Subjects were defined as having hearing impairment when pure tone audiometry was over 25 dB HL in either ear (tested in 2017 and 2019). Incidence of hearing impairment was analyzed. Results Incidence of hearing impairment at low frequencies was significantly higher in the low‐normal platelet group than in the high‐normal group year over year. Low‐normal platelet count associated with low‐frequency hearing impairment (LFHI) incidence (odds ratio [OR], 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–4.76). In the low‐normal platelet group, subjects whose counts declined from baseline developed more LFHI than those whose counts increased over time. Further, decreasing platelets appeared to be an independent risk factor contributing to the incidence of LFHI (OR, 2.10; 95%CI, 1.09–4.06) in the low‐normal platelet group. Conclusion Both a low‐normal platelet and a declining platelet count were independently associated with the incidence of LFHI. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2020