Potential therapeutic targets in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma: reversing the protumor effect of tumor-associated macrophages
Open Access
- 17 February 2021
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research
- Vol. 40 (1), 1-12
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-021-01873-2
Abstract
In hepatocellular carcinoma patients, due to the microenvironmental specificity of liver, the tumor microenvironment exhibits high immunosuppression and drug resistance, resulting in excessive or insufficient responses to immunotherapy. The dynamic interactions between tumor cells and immune modulators in the TME significantly impact the occurrence and development of tumors, efficacy, and drug resistance, which can create a much more positive response to immunotherapy. Moreover, with the wide application of single-cell sequencing technology in the TME, increasing evidence shows an interaction network among cells. Sequencing results suggest that specific tumor-associated macrophages are a hub node, connecting different cell populations in the cell interaction network, and can could regulate tumor generation and antitumor immunity. This review focused on therapeutic targets that could be targeted to remodel the tumor microenvironment and reprogram the tumor-associated macrophage phenotype in hepatocellular carcinoma patients, thereby improving immunotherapeutic efficacy.Funding Information
- Bethune Charitable Foundation
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO. 82073214)
- Outstanding disciplines leaders of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (No. 2018BR39)
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