School is a social environment where there are many unwritten rules. All students are expected to abide by those rules and regulations. But for children with autism, it becomes quite difficult to navigate the social environment in a mainstream school. Often it leads to students dropping out. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neuro-developmental disability in which the core impairments are in the language, communication, and reciprocal social interaction. Recent research has shown that the neuroplasticity of the human brain is quite high during the first five years of life. So with intense intervention, it is possible to change the trajectories of development in a child. The child is taught how to behave in different social situations found in a mainstream school. Autism Society West Bengal ASWB runs a School Readiness program that provides intervention for young children where they are taught in a way that they understand. This program often leads to the child being accepted into a mainstream school. They need not start their education in a special school. In this case study different aspects and outcomes of the School Readiness program will be discussed.

Background: Vancomycin infusion reaction (VIR, previously known as “red man syndrome”) and anaphylaxis are two vancomycin hypersensitivity reactions with identical and clinically indistinguishable clinical presentations. Method: This was a retrospective study where vancomycin hypersensitivity cases who underwent vancomycin desensitization in the past two years were recruited. Results: Two vancomycin hypersensitivity cases were labeled as allergic to vancomycin in their previous hospitalizations before being admitted to our hospitals. The first case developed facial and lips swelling, while the second case developed transient hypotension; both occurred after the first dose of intravenous vancomycin, and hence were labelled as allergies without continuation of vancomycin in the previous hospitalizations. During current hospital admissions, both patients required vancomycin to treat infections. After weighing the risks and benefits, rapid vancomycin desensitization was conducted in both patients because of budget constraints in the public hospitals for alternative antibiotics. The desensitization was successfully conducted with no recurrence of previous reactions, and both cases completed intravenous vancomycin treatment for their infections. Conclusion: Clinical presentations in VIR and anaphylaxis might be identical and indistinguishable, especially the reactions that have happened in the past and confirmatory allergy test is not available. Our study reported that vancomycin desensitization could be conducted in cases where VIR or anaphylaxis are uncertain, with the past reactions not life-threatening, and if no other alternative antibiotic can be used to treat infections.

The present investigation was carried out in Dapoli and nearby areas of the Ratnagiri district. The main aim of this work is to find out the productivity of the said river. The fishes play a very important role in the food chain and food web. Jog River near the Dapoli Ratnagiri district is the main water resource helpful for agriculture and fisheries it has good water storage capacity, and the reservoir is a good source of fish fauna. The present study on the Fish diversity of Jog River was carried out from October 2020 to November 2021. During the present investigation, fish were collected and identified. The aim of this study was to reveal the diversity of fish species in this River. The present study reported 22 species of freshwater fishes belonging to 06 orders, 11 families, and 19 genera from the Dapoli of Maharashtra, India. From the present study, we concluded that the Jog River is a good source of food fish diversity.

After the devastating Spanish Flu epidemics of 1918–1920, a new deadly virus strikes the world in late December 2019 and is first detected in China in early January 2020. There are 153 lakh active cases of corona virus worldwide (Worldometer data). Improving nutritional patterns is a successful strategy for combating coronavirus pandemic. The most effective natural antibiotics against viruses are spices like turmeric, ginger, black pepper and garlic.Curcumin, a hydrophobic polyphenol is an active constituent of turmeric rhizomes, has antioxidant, antiapoptotic and anti-fibrotic properties. It also has inhibitory effects on TLRs, NF-Kβ, cytokines, chemokines and bradykinin. Curcumin inhibited 3CLprotease and prevented SARS-CoV replication. It not only blocks ligand-receptor binding at entry point but blocks replication and gene expression of viruses. Ginger extracts containing compounds such as gingerol, shogoal and paradols have been found to be effective against SARS-CoV. These chemicals have anti-bacterial effect that can help to prevent nausea. They inhibit ACE2 gene receptor, in the same way that curcumin does. Piperine presents in black pepper slows the breakdown of curcumin in the liver, thus helping its absorption through intestine and increases its level in bloodstream. Garlic contains flavonoid (e.g. quercetin) and organosulfur (e.g.allicin and alliin) compounds that have immunomodulatory properties which inhibit the virus spread.

A qualitative survey was carried out on undergraduate students of Life Sciences (viz. Botany, Zoology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Environmental Science) of different colleges of Kolkata metropolis to study the impact of COVID-19 on the teaching-learning of Life Science. The gender-based survey revealed that lady students are more sensitive to environmental challenges and crises than men. They adapted to online teaching-learning of Life Science, comprehended and understood the theoretical matter better than their male counterparts and did their best to connect with the surrounding natural environment. The results of this study might provide useful guidelines and information for framing future teaching-learning strategies in Life science.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS COV 2) , a newly emerged coronavirus swept over globally causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID -19) pandemic. Immunological response to SARS COV 2 is a major focus of discussion at present, from the perspectives of clinical presentation in patients, and prophylactic and therapeutic measures against the disease. A good understanding of the immunopathogenesis of the condition, and host response to the pathogen is pertinent for guiding effective treatment. In the current review, we discuss the essential concepts of neutralizing antibodies against SARS COV 2, elaborating on their mechanism of action, and their association, if any, in limiting the progression of the disease vis-à-vis in causing disease severity.  

This review is conducted to highlight the application of molecular genetics for improvement of diseases resistance in livestock. Diseases prevention is a serious issue to restrict economic damage due to economically important diseases outbreaks worldwide. Over the last decades, the excessive use of drugs has been criticised because of the possible development of drug-resistant zoonotic organisms and the potential dangers of drug residues in food animal products for human consumption. To prevent this problem following the ways for host resistance improvement to disease is a low cost and sustainable approach. So, this literature review was done on the theory of how to use molecular markers to select for quantitative trait loci (QTL) in genetic improvement programs, both within populations and for introgression of QTL from one population to another. If the effect of each marker is known, then an animal with no available phenotype for disease can be genotyped and its direct genomic value can be estimated based on its genotype only. The advantage of such a method is that accurate estimates of genetic merit can be achieved exploiting knowledge of the genotype of the animal even if the animal is very young. So, it is possible to put recommendation for further research on the generation of phenotypes that are resistant to diseases and development accurate bio-markers that can be readily measured in large numbers of animals at a relatively low cost.

The long-term objective of the study is to determine the extent to which the characteristics of sheep breeders and the contribution of livestock integration to the income of sheep breeders in Secanggang District, Langkat Regency. The specific target in this study is to see the characteristics of sheep breeders and the contribution of livestock integration to income. The integration of livestock and plants is one of the livestock cultivation activities, which is the application of an integrated business between plant commodities and livestock (sheep) commodities that utilize agricultural potential as livestock integration, both in the form of livestock waste and agricultural production activities such as picking their own agricultural products. The concept of livestock and crop integration that is often applied by sheep breeders in Secanggang District, Kab.Langkat is the concept of sheep farming with food crop cultivation. From this livestock and crop integration activity, farmers will get additional income from both the sheep farming business and the food crop business. Organic matter that can increase soil fertility. Therefore, it is necessary to research how big the contribution of this concept of livestock integration to the income of the sheep farmer family is. Not all sheep breeders apply the concept of integration, there are also sheep breeders who choose only sheep farming. So it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of breeders such as those who apply the concept of integration of livestock with plants.

Background: Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has a high potential for disaster. This is due to Indonesia's position at the equator and its wide geographic area and diverse demographics. Pregnant women are priority group because they are susceptible to nutritional problems during disasters. Pregnant women who are malnourished have a high potential for premature delivery, giving birth to babies with low birth weight and even death for mothers and children so that they become a real health threat. This research focuses on the nutritional needs of pregnant women in disaster. Methods: The method used is a cross sectional method. This research was carried out by a literature study that published about pregnant women’s during disaster in Indonesia databases. Inclusion criteria are research that focuses on the management of nutrition for pregnant women in disaster emergencies. Results: Health problems frequently occurs in pregnant women, namely not being aware of the increased nutritional needs during pregnancy, especially during a disaster, so there is a risk of decreasing in maternal nutritional status. There are several nutritional treatments for pregnant women that can be carried out during disaster such as measuring nutritional status, managing needs and food for pregnant women, as well as providing additional food and supplements for pregnant women such as blood-added tablets, folic acid, calcium, etc. Conclusion: Management of nutrition during disaster emergency can help to maintain nutritional control in pregnant women and ensure the health of both the mother and the fetus.

A pre experimental study was conducted to create knowledge among secondary school children regarding prevention of road traffic accidents by administration of self instructional module (SIM). The study's goals were to compare participants’ knowledge of traffic accident prevention before and after a self-educational module were administered. A pre experimental one group pre-test- post-test design with non probability purposive sampling technique was adopted to select 60 school children of class VIII & IX. Semi-structured questionnaire for demographic data & structured knowledge questionnaire on prevention of road traffic accidents were used. The study revealed that the mean post test knowledge score (25.81) was significantly higher than the mean pre test knowledge score (13.47) where ‘t’ value showed the result 33.97 which is statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance df (59). The highest mean percentage of post test score is 93.80 that is in the area of steps to prevention of road traffic accidents where mean percentage of pre test score is 47.85. The lowest mean percentage of post test score is 86.66 that is in the area of mode of transport where mean percentage of pre test score is 56.66. Age and class were shown to be important factors in the pre-test knowledge score. In the context of nursing education, administration, practice and research, the study's results have a wide range of implications