The recycling use of wood sawdust to process composite boards has received much attention in recent years. To avoid the use of chemical adhesives, natural cellulose-based materials were often used as adhesives to combine wood sawdust. Rather than utilizing nanocellulose, the report herein describes a method to prepare a robust composite board that is based on microfibrous cellulose, which is a low-cost commercial product. To effectively cross-link wood sawdust and microfibrous cellulose, phosphoric acid-activated glutaraldehyde was used as catalyst. Compared to its uncross-linked counterpart, the modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture of the composite board that had been cross-linked by glutaraldehyde and phosphoric acid were significantly strengthened to 3.45±0.06 GPa and 36.5±3.5 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the moisture resistance of the cross-linked composite board was also enhanced. After soaking in water for 24 h, the mass swelling ratio and thickness swelling ratio of cross-linked composite board had only changed 49% and 21%, respectively. These performances even exceeded that of composite board prepared from nanocellulose. The method described in this work may have applications in commercial processing and the recycling of wood sawdust.

In order to be able to better process the relevant experimental data in the organic chemistry study of Flavonoid of Fangzhu leaf, the article applies cloud computing to it, and improves the load factor by applying IWRR load balancing algorithm, selecting CPU processing power, network bandwidth and memory capacity as load factors. The extraction and antioxidant activity of each other’s bamboo leaf flavonoids were studied by ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction, the best extraction process parameters were found by response surface optimization experiments, and the effects were compared by four extraction methods. The results showed that compared with other extraction methods, the extraction rate of ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction was the largest, with an average extraction rate of 4.07%, and the antioxidant capacity of the obtained flavonoids was the strongest. 1:25 g/mL material-to-liquid ratio, 80% ethanol concentration, 80 W ultrasonic power, 100 min ultrasonic time and 55.0 °C ultrasonic temperature were the best flavonoid extraction process parameters. And compared with the WRR algorithm and WLC algorithm, the IWRR algorithm has significantly shorter response time, higher throughput and more actual concurrency, i.e., the IWRR algorithm can significantly improve the system loading efficiency. The method used in the article is helpful for the extraction of flavonoids from square bamboo leaves and the processing of related experimental data.

The contents and correlation of various mineral elements in soil and roots, stems and leaves of Fritillaria hubeiensis were analyzed and evaluated to supply basis for diagnosis of soil mineral nutrition and rational fertilization of Fritillaria hubeiensis. The contents of Phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese and copper were tested by the inductively coupled plasma, and the results were analyzed by SPSS11.5 software. The total contents of manganese, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in soil and roots, leaves and stems of Fritillaria hubeiensis were different with different cultivation bases. The order of Fe and Cu contents was root > leaf > stem. The distribution of Zn showed a trend of “root > stem > leaf.” Between potassium content of soil and root, it was a significant positive correlation. But there was a significant negative correlation between Zinc content of soil and root. The total contents of calcium and iron were positively correlated between roots and stems. The total contents of Phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and copper were positively correlated among stems and leaves, while the contents of Mn were positively correlated. Therefore, Fritillaria hubeiensis mainly regulates the amount of mineral nutrients through selective absorption.

In this work, an n-octadecylamine functionalized mesoporous carbon nanocomposite (ODA-MPC) was synthesized, and its novel application was demonstrated by utilizing it as a sorbent in matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) of nine pesticide residues identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Here, the protection of the sorbent by the mesoporous fiber membrane enabled it to process complex aqueous matrices and made it advantageous to be used in MSPD. The results confirmed the excellent ability of ODA-MPC to remove matrix interferences and reduce matrix effects compared to the traditional solid phase extraction. In particular, the recoveries were 85.0–95.8% (n = 3) with relative standard deviations less than 5%. Additionally, nine pesticide residues in vegetables and fruit were satisfactorily extracted and detected.

Cylinder drying of cut tobacco is one of the key processing technologies in cigarette manufacturing. And complex mass transfer and heat transfer phenomena were involved. In this paper, a thermodynamic model have been built for cut tobacco during cylinder drying process. The relationship of different process parameters and thermodynamic data were analyzed by canonical correlation method, including amount of heat Q_v produced in moisture evaporation of cut tobacco, amount of heat Q_s produced in temperature increase of cut tobacco, total amount of heat Q and thermal efficiency coefficient η. The results showed that the thermodynamic model explained the actual cut tobacco heating and heat distribution well in the cylinder drying process. The variation coefficients of the four thermodynamic parameters of cut tobacco under the same processing conditions were all less than 5.0%. It is proved that the thermodynamic model established during cylinder drying process of cut tobacco is feasible.

Tobacco growth monitoring and yield estimation are very important for tobacco planting control and allocation. However, traditional tobacco yield estimation models have not considered the light energy utilization, carbon cycle, and ecological processes, resulting in the mechanisms poorly explained and the reduced monitoring accuracy. To address these limitations, a tobacco yield remote sensing monitoring model based on ecological process and carbon cycle was proposed. The model couples the Carbon Exchange between Vegetation, Soil, and Atmosphere (CEVSA) ecosystem process model and the global production efficiency model (GLO-PEM), to simulate effective solar radiation and tobacco light energy utilization, stress effects of surface air temperature, water vapour pressure deficit and photosynthetic effective radiation. Then the tobacco gross primary production (GPP), net primary productivity (NPP), tobacco biomass were estimated. Finally, the tobacco yield estimation model based on the correlation between tobacco yield and NPP was proposed. The results showed that there was a significant correlation (correlation= 0.94) between NPP and tobacco leaves weight at 99% confidence level, and the yield estimated by the remote sensing monitoring model was in good agreement with the measured results, with errors of Class I, II, III were 9.644%, 4.316%, and 8.495% respectively. In conclusion, the proposed model can be used to estimate tobacco yield, support decision-making of tobacco planting plan, and strengthen purchasing management.

This study aimed to determine the structural characteristics and adsorption capacities of a novel activated carbon prepared from passion fruit by-product. Passion fruit peel was carbonized and structurally modified using phosphoric acid-potassium hydroxide reagent before carbon activation. Industrial-activated carbon was used as a control sample. The surface functional groups and adsorption capacities of the activated carbon samples were determined. The results showed that the chemical-modified activated carbon had anhydride and carboxylic acid as the main functional groups on the carbon surface, together with several conformations of the hydroxyl group. These hydroxyl confirmations were in alkoxy and carboxylate forms but not phenoxy. The peel-based activated carbon had a smoother carbon surface with multiple micropores, whereas the carbon surface of industrial activated carbon was rough with multiple meso- and macropores. The methylene blue adsorption capacity (0.1 mg/mL methylene blue) of the peel-based activated carbon (99.97±0.01%) was comparable to the industrial activated carbon (100.00±0.01%). But the peel-based activated carbon had better cholesterol and albumin adsorption capacities than the industrial activated carbon. Since activated carbon prepared from the fruit peel has better adsorption capacities of cholesterol and other chemicals in liquid foods, it can replace the wood-based activated carbon in food and pharmaceutical applications.

There are fungal communities in fermented grains and high-temperature Daqu of Danquan Baijiu, which had an important effect on Baijiu production. As a saccharifying and fermenting material, to a great extent, Daqu determines Baijiu flavour. However, in high-temperature Daqu “dqjq_ck” and “dqjqcp” (after fermentation for 45 d, 135 d) and fermented grains dqjp3 originated from Danquan distillery, fungal communities remain unclear. Therefore, this study analyzed fungal communities by high-throughput sequencing. Their fungal communities mainly included Ascomycota at phylum level. The most abundant fungal genera were Aspergillus, Issatchenkia and Zygosaccharomyces in dqjq_ck, dqjqcp, dqjp3, respectively. The dominant genera included Aspergillus (96.21%), Thermomyces (2.13%) in dqjq_ck. The dominant genera contained Issatchenkia (48.29%), Millerozyma (14.53%), Thermoascus (12.17%), Aspergillus (8.80%), Hyphopichia (3.28%), Rhizomucor (3.17%), Lichtheimia (2.62%), Thermomyces (2.27%), Monascus (1.37%) in dqjqcp. The dominant genera had Zygosaccharomyces (68.48%), Monascus (15.18%), Aspergillus (6.97%), Cladosporium (1.12%) in dqjp3. The main fungi included Aspergillus, Zygosaccharomyces, Issatchenkia, Monascus, Millerozyma, Thermoascus, Thermomyces, Hyphopichia, Rhizomucor, Lichtheimia and Cladosporium in three samples. The fungal succession of three samples were revealed in three key stages of Danquan Baijiu production. This paper will lay the basis for screening outstanding fungi to enhance Danquan Baijiu quality in near future.

The utilization of agricultural waste biomass presents an exciting substitute, established on its possibility to be switched into initiated carbon. In this research, initiated (activated) carbon (AC) was formulated from rubber seed shell biomass, infused with ammonium chloride at a temperature of 500 °C for 2 h. The activated carbon was characterized by its functional groups, thermal stability, surface morphology, and elemental identification by using FTIR, TGA/DTA, and SEM/EDAX. Additionally, the AC remediation strength was assessed with dye (Congo Red) under various parameters like dosage and pH; and the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm prototypes were used to evaluate the utmost uptake (q_max) of Congo Red by the adsorptive material. The maximum dye adsorption capacity was achieved at 24.35 g/L and fits well in the Langmuir isotherm model. Therefore, the findings of this research reveal the possibility of utilizing rubber seed shell biomass as economical and competent raw ingredients to manufacture initiated carbon for wastewater treatment, to improve (increase) the water potability level.

The design and preparation of novel carbon electrodes are the key to the development of potassium ion batteries (PIBs). The unique short-range ordered graphene sheet and defective amorphous domain composite structure of hard carbon (HC) provide favorable support for the storage and adsorption of potassium ions. In this paper, derived biomass carbons (DBCs) as a HC material were prepared by simple two-step carbonization of pre-carbonized at 500 °C and the graphitization transformation at a higher carbonization temperature employing the distilled grain biomass as a carbon source. The effect of carbonization temperature at the second step on the surface structure and electrochemical performance of the DBCs applied in PIBs were checked. It was found that 900 °C of carbonization temperature was favored for the formation of DBCs with a proper degree of graphitization, large lattice spacing (3.55 Å), and large specific surface area (111.9 m²/g⁻¹). Ascribed to the microstructural advantage, the DBC-900 based PIBs displayed astonishing potassium storage capacity (160.5 mAh/g at 50 mA/g) and extremely low-capacity attenuation (0.041% per cycle at 50 mA/g after 800 cycles). This work not only provides a kind of HC materials with low-cost and easy preparation for PIBs, but also offers a way for the application of distilled grains.