Development prospects and opportunities for processed foods derived from taro have recently increased. Taro crackers are one of the snack foods that are in high demand among consumers. The Taro Processing Group of Wanagiri Village, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency, formed in 2020 with ten members, participates in Regional Superior Product Development Programme activities. Partners have produced and marketed taro tubers processed into taro chips, but the process has not been exhaustive, and partners wish to increase the quantity and quality. As a result of their lack of knowledge in the fields of processing and effective business management, partners encounter difficulties in managing production and marketing. This activity aims to equip the Wanagiri Village Taro Processing Group with the skills and knowledge to manage local natural resources and the entrepreneurial mentality to capitalise on business opportunities related to Wanagiri Village conditions. The implementation method involves coaching, training, mentoring, and structured consultation on various partner-related issues. Regional Leading Product Development Programme Wanagiri Taro Processing Group, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency, has yielded positive results. The Wanagiri Taro Processing Group increased its value and enhanced its living conditions. Regional Leading Product Development Programme application is possible. The community can assimilate up to 80% of knowledge regarding the processing of taro chips with varying flavours, product packaging, and marketing, which will aid in product development. In addition, comprehension exists regarding cultivating taro plants in the backyard, using taro processing waste as animal fodder, and business management. This activity should be performed continuously, along with assistance, so that the group can independently produce and sell taro snacks with various flavors.

Pindang is one of the traditional processed products derived from fish. Various types of fish can be processed into pindang, namely frigate mackerel fish, flying fish, sardinella, tuna, mackarel, cakalang and milkfish. Various types of fish cause various types of processing are carried out by the community and will eventually produce different quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze the chemical, microbiological and organoleptic quality produced. Quality evaluation in comparative experimental research by comparing the quality of frigate mackarel fish pindang with flying fish. Parameters evaluated included chemical parameters, namely water content, salt content, histamine content, total volatile bases content, and trimethylamine content, microbiological parameters such as the number of bacteria, as well as organoleptic parameters including appearance, smell, texture, and taste. Based on the results of the study, the quality of frigate mackerel pindang with flying fish had significantly different qualities, especially in chemical assessment and organoleptic assessment.

This study examines the impact of biochar and poschar fertilisers derived from livestock manure on red chilli yields and soil organic matter variations. The results demonstrated that the interaction between biochar and poschar substantially affected the fresh chilli pod weight per plant and organic matter content. Applying biochar and poschar organic fertilisers derived from animal manure substantially influenced plant height, fresh fruit weight per plant, and soil organic matter. The interaction between cow manure and poschar from poultry manure produced the highest yield of chilli fruit weight per plant, or an increase of 323.88% compared to the absence of biochar and poschar. The organic matter content of the soil underwent a significant change, with the highest organic matter content resulting from the interaction between chicken biochar and chicken poschar, which increased by 143,00% compared to the control group.

Catur Kintamani Village is one of the village areas in Kintamani-Bangli District, besides its cool climate as an Arabica coffee producing area and has received a Geographical Indication Certificate (GIS). Several coffee processing companies have developed, one of which is UPP. Catur Paramita is a business unit of Subak Abian Kenjung Sari. The problem is that coffee skin waste has not been utilized which can disrupt the environment. One alternative solution to the problem is processing coffee husk waste through fermentation using local microorganism (LMO) probiotics from coffee husks for animal feed. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the appearance response of sows given fermented coffee husk waste as a substitute for commercial feed can affect the appearance of sows in the growth phase. The method used to achieve this goal is the experimental design method and the design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments, namely: Po (without coffee husk waste), P1 (5% substitution of coffee husk waste), and P2 (substitution of 10% coffee husk waste). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results showed a significant effect (P<0.05) substitution of fermented coffee husk waste in commercial feed on the growth of pigs aged 1-3 months. The greater the number of substitutions for coffee skin waste up to 10% (P2) had a significant effect (P0.05). It can be concluded that substituting commercial feed with fermented coffee husk waste using local microorganisms (LMO) coffee skin as much as 10% significantly improves body weight gain at 1-3 months.

Glyphosate affects the activity of certain soil microbial. Depending on the soil type and concentration, Glyphosate will have different effects. The study determined the effect of Glyphosate on the microbial population and the effect of its different volumes on β-Glucosidase activity on Ultisol used in corn cultivation. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD), two factors with three replicates. The first factor was liming. The second element was Glyphosate at a dosage of 0, 5, 6, 7 L/ha. The study was conducted at the Department of Greenhouse Agriculture, Andalas University, from July to November 2022. The results showed that although there was no interaction and statistically significant between treatments for the total bacteria population. However, the treatment used lime and low volumes of Glyphosate gave the total bacteria population high density. β-Glucosidase, an enzyme produced from a specific type of bacteria in soil, decreased activity while combining lime treatment and Glyphosate, especially from the dosage at 6 L/ha, and had a statistically significant interaction between lime factor and herbicide after the second spray (p<0.05). In conclusion, Glyphosate and lime can alter and reduce microbial soil activity and number, particularly at high 6 and 7 L/ha volumes.

This research aimed to determine the effect of the proportion of pulp-albedo yellow kepok bananas and the concentration of sucrose on the characteristics of sliced jam. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors and three replications. Data analysis used ANOVA followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% confidence level. The first factor was the proportion of pulp and albedo of yellow kepok bananas (1:2 (A1), 1:1 (A2), 2:1 (A3)). The second factor is the concentration of sucrose (30% (B1), 45% (B2), and 60% (B3)). Parameters observed included moisture content, ash content, pH, total sugar, water activity (aw), total dissolved solids, hardness, and organoleptic analysis, including taste, scent, color, and texture. The treatment results of the proportion pulp-albedo yellow kepok banana and the sucrose concentration significantly affected the water content, ash content, total sugar, total dissolved solids, hardness, and organoleptic tests. Sliced jam with the proportion of pulp-albedo yellow kepok banana (2:1) and sucrose concentration (60%) was the best treatment with 44.16% water content, 1.18% ash content, pH 4.03, total sugar 33, 21%, water activity 0.828, total dissolved solids 50, hardness 31.93N and the taste is quite typical of banana, quite smelly of banana, quite yellow in the color of banana, and has a firm texture.

Paneer is a nutritious, delectable acid-heat-coagulated indigenous dairy product, but it has a short shelf life due to its high moisture content. However, herbs are known for their qualities as antioxidants, preservatives, and flavor enhancers. Therefore, the current study examined the quality parameters such as (titratable acidity, lactose, moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content, phenolic content, and sensory parameters) of herbal paneer produced by incorporating cardamom powder percentages in four different samples 0.15% with cow milk, 0.20% with cow milk, 0.15% with buffalo milk and 0.20% with buffalo milk and coded as (A, B, C, and D). The findings showed that the herbal paneer was superior in terms of organoleptic but had little to no impact on the paneer's proximate and physiochemical parameters. The herbal paneer samples slightly higher total phenolic content of buffalo milk paneer compared to the cow milk paneer. The 0.20% of cardamom with buffalo milk sample was effective overall. As a result, the study suggests that cardamom could be used to develop a novel functional dairy product with enhanced antioxidant properties and longer shelf life.

Determining the level of caffeine in coffee grounds is very important so that people can consume coffee in a safe amount. Based on SNI 01-7152-2006 the permitted dose of caffeine is 50-150 mg/day. This study aims to describe the level of caffeine in local coffee powder originating from coffee powder SMEs in Pasaman Regency. Coffee powder samples were taken from the two largest coffee powder SMEs in Pasaman Regency, namely Matahari coffee powder SMEs and Gunpas coffee powder SMEs. The caffeine content obtained in this study will be compared with the standard caffeine content according to SNI 013542-2004 which is 0.45-2.00% and SNI 01-7152-2006 which is the maximum limit for caffeine consumption per day of 50-150 mg/day. The method used in this research is UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results of the analysis of caffeine levels in four samples per 1 gram of coffee powder are sample A 6.878 mg; sample B 6.855mg; sample C 6,674mg; sample D 7,688mg. In one cup of coffee, 4 grams of coffee powder is used, so that the caffeine content of coffee powder circulating in Pasaman Regency is still safe for consumption per day. In percentage units of caffeine content, based on the four samples analyzed, sample A is 0.687%; sample B 0.685%; sample C 0.667%; sample D 0.768%. The coffee caffeine content produced is following with the requirements of SNI 01-3542-2004.

The market outlook for chrysanthemum flowers is extremely optimistic, as domestic and international consumer demand has increased over the past five years. The development of chrysanthemum plants is anticipated to have a positive effect on the region's employment opportunities, economic growth, and service sector growth. Along with the increasing intensity of chrysanthemum cultivation in various regions, more in-depth research on chrysanthemum flowers is required to improve quality and added value, as well as to utilize the potential of locally available resources that are simple for farmers to apply and have a significant impact on improvement. The majority of chrysanthemum cultivation business actors are small farmers. Chrysanthemum plant technology is distinct from other horticultural crops, requiring special maintenance such as Disbudding, the addition of artificial light, artificial defoliation, and the erection of plant enforcement nets. The research method employs the Factorial Group Random Design, with the first factor being artificial defoliation including: no defoliation, defoliation at 30 dap, and defoliation at 60 dap, and the second factor being disbudding including: no disbudding, disbudding at 60 dap, and disbudding at 90 dap. The results demonstrated that the interaction between artificial defoliation and disbudding had a significant effect on flower stalk weight but no effect on other variables. The treatment of leaf defoliation had significant to very significant effects on all observed variables, with the exception of the weight of flower stalks, which was unaffected. While the disbudding treatment has a significant effect on all observed variables. The interaction between leaf defoliation at 30 dap and disbudding at 60 dap resulted in the heaviest average flower stalk weight of 93.58 grams. Artificial defoliation at 30 dap was able to increase the yield of economically viable fresh flower weight by 8.09 percent compared to when defoliation was not performed. The 60 dap disbudding treatment was able to increase the yield of fresh flower weight by 9.25% when compared to the control.

The purpose of the study was to provide up-to-date information on inland fisheries landings in Basrah province, Iraq. During 2020-2021, the species composition, species and total landings, and trends at six landing locations in the research region were assessed. There were seven species of cyprinids, three species of cichlids, three species of mullet, and two species of sparids and silurids. The foreign species C. carpio, tilapias species, and C. auratus dominated landings, accounting for 44.2% of the entire catch. In contrast, the highly prized native species (M. sharpeyi, L. xanthopterus, C. luteus, and A. grypus) accounted for just 12.4%. In 2020 and 2021, the total landings reached 2,427.78 t and 2,365.15 t, respectively, greater than the previous years since 2009. This is attributable to the frequency of alien species and the rise in fishing effort, as measured by the number of fishermen and fishing vessels. Improving inland fisheries requires enhancing the stocks of native species, minimizing the dissemination and impacts of some exotic species, and activating national regulations governing fishing, exploitation, and conservation of aquatic life from the fisheries management perspective.