The present study involved large skin defects created due to tumors of hock region in two dogs presented to Department of Vet. Surgery & Radiology, CVSc & AH, Bhubaneswar affected in 2022. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of repair of skin defect done through genicular axial pattern graft in the thigh region of hind limb during removal of tumors in small breed dogs. Defects created due to tumor excision were closed through genicular axial pattern flaps in starting from distal tibia to the lower hock region. The clinical outcome, wound closure and healing were very promising and is an example of case-based application. The above findings suggested that genicular axial pattern flaps are a good option for reconstruction of large cutaneous defects of the lateral aspects of the tibia and hock joint in dogs.

Agro industrial waste material is a rich source of various bio active components and fibre rich. Carambola pomace is a by-product of carambola juice processing unit. Fruit juice industries generate considerable amount of Carambola pomace as waste from fresh Carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.). However, the nutritional assets of Carambola pomace that include antioxidants, mainly polyphenols, should not be neglected, and be further processed in developing food supplements. In this study, Carambola pomace was found to be indeed nutrient-rich. This pomace was subsequently employed in development of Carambola pomace cookies, as a functional snack. Carambola pomace with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% were used to incorporate in cookies. The characterisation of the Carambola pomace cookies delineated their healthfulness in terms of antioxidant potential, and 5% Carambola pomace got maximum consumer acceptance. The present study highlights the importance of utilising a wasted bioresource in adding functional value to a common food that otherwise is only a fat-rich snack.

There is increasing evidence for the presence of cancer stem cells in several solid tumors, and these cancer stem cells have a potential role in tumor initiation, aggression, and recurrence. Solid tumors occur frequently in dogs, where such tumors exhibit complexity when examined histologically. These tumors are composed not only of proliferative luminal epithelial cells, but also of my epithelial cells and /or mesenchymal cells with cartilage and osseous tissues in a solitary mass. The origin of the complexed histogenesis remains speculative, but cancer stem cells (CSCs) are likely involved. Canine CSCs are relatively resistant to the cytotoxic effects of common chemotherapeutic drugs and ionizing radiation, indicating that failure of clinical therapy to eradicate canine mammary cancer may be due to the survival of CSCs. The epithelia to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been associated with cancer invasion, metastasis, and the acquisition of stem cell characteristics. Present investigation shows that canine CSCs predominantly express mesenchymal markers and are more invasive than parental cells, indicating that these cells can be induced to undergo EMT by transforming growth factor-β (TGF) and that these cells have an increased ability to form tumor sphere. CSCs possess self-renewing capacity, differentiation potential, high tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Analysis of the characteristics of CSCs may contribute to the elucidation of the histogenesis underlying canine solid tumors, formulation of novel CSC-targeted therapeutic strategies, and development of biomarkers for early diagnostics and prognostic applications.

The present case report describes occurrence of horn cancer in both Gir cow and Zebu bullock at the College of Veterinary Science & AH, OUAT, Bhubaneswar. Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most frequently encountered horn cancer both in zebu cattle and Gir cow due to their large horn base. Large cauliflower like growth with loosening of the horn at the horn base is the typical sign for horn cancer and necessitate amputation with curetting of the area. Cornual nerve block as anaesthetic protocol and flap method was followed for closure. On cytological confirmation of the sample to be squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), standard chemotherapeutic treatment with Vincristine @ 1 ml/ 50 kg was administered for 3 times at 21 days interval for complete recovery from the horn cancer.

Mammary carcinoma is one of the most common skin tumors of mammary gland area in canine. Fifty cases of mammary carcinoma were reported during the period of study at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex and Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology. Eighty animals were screened for selecting fifty mammary carcinoma and these are the subjects of present study population. The prevalence of tumors across the age groups were highest among 8 to 12 years, followed by 12 years and least in dogs below 8 years. Breed wise predisposition was highest among Labrador (36.67%), followed by Spitz and German shepherd (20% each), Mongrel (10%), Dachshund (6.67%), Rottweiler and beagle (3.33% each). More cases of mammary carcinoma were malignant (70%) with metastasis to regional lymph node a common finding. Malignancy criteria were size, hardness, of the tumor and metastasis to regional lymphocenter. Axillary lymph node for 1st, 2nd mammary gland tumor and inguinal, medial iliac lymph node for 2nd, 3rd, and 4th mammary gland were common site of regional metastasis. Most of the patient had clinical stage III tumor (30%) followed by stage II (23.33%). Three cases of stage IV mammary carcinoma were recorded in which three view thoracic radiography showed nodular opacities of the thorax and confirmed as positive sign of metastasis. Histopathologically, solid mammary carcinoma, fibroadenoma, adenocarcinoma were common types of carcinomas. Malignant mammary tumor dogs had significantly (p

Mulberries are a rich source of nutrients and bioactive compounds. Morus nigra, Morus alba, and Morus rubra are the most commonly studied types of mulberry, and they contain significant amounts of protein, fibre, vitamins, and polyphenols which help in curing diseases. With their higher nutritional composition and bioactive compound they are also highly perishable in nature due to higher water content and for storage different drying techniques are used and as a result get nutritional loss by the drying technique used, among the different drying technique freeze-drying is the most effective technique in preserving the nutritional composition and bioactive compounds of mulberries. Therefore, this review paper provides a elaborated information about the nutritional composition of different mulberry fruits and there effect in drying methods. Mulberries are a promising functional food that can be incorporated into a balanced diet for improved health outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the effects of mulberries on human health through clinical trials.

The research aims to study the physical and chemical characteristics of fresh pumpkin fruit. Ripe and fresh pumpkin fruits were selected for this purpose. The results obtained from the research showed that the pumpkin has good anti-oxidant property with a DPPH value of 30.01±0.79%. The fruit also contains ample amount of beta-carotene 4.09±0.12%. It also contains redusing sugar and total sugar of 23.05±0.06 g/100 g and 57.13±0.02 g/100 g respectively. Other parameters including TSS (10.47±0.02%), Moisture (91.46±1.02%), pH (6.32±0.06), Titratable acidity (0.064±0.01%), Ascorbic acid (9.84±0.83 mg/100 g), Ash (1.36±0.23%), Fat (0.62±0.001%), Phytate (0.21±0.01%), TPC (0.169±0.003 mg/100 g), TFC (0.032±0.002 mg/100 g) and Tanin (0.50±0.07 mg/100 g) were also analysed.

Turmeric, a widely recognized natural supplement, has been shown to have a range of health benefits due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the bioavailability of turmeric is limited due to its poor solubility, rapid metabolism, and low absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Encapsulation is an innovative approach that can help address these issues and improve the efficacy of turmeric supplements. This review examines the current research on encapsulated turmeric and its potential benefits for improving absorption and effectiveness. Encapsulation techniques such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions have been shown to enhance the bioavailability of turmeric by protecting the active compounds from degradation and improving their absorption in the body. These techniques have also been found to increase the duration of turmeric's beneficial effects.

Soybeans have been considered to be nutritious for humans. Soybean and soy product consumption has proven to have various potential health benefits and in reduction of various chronic illness. Various plant sources are examined to determine whether they may replace traditional animal based proteins for both health and environmental concerns. Due to high protein content and adaptability in the development of food products soy proteins are preferred by variety of communities around the world. Overall this review mainly focus on soybean products, soy protein and its contrast with animal proteins along with effect of different food processing methods on soybean protein digestibility.

A study was conducted to determine the physical and chemical composition of guava (Psidium guajava L.) Taiwan pink variety. The fresh and ripe guavas were selected for evaluation of physical and chemical composition. Results obtained showed that color of guava was green colour with pink color pulp as it has good amount of anthocyanin 143.06 mg/100 g, the fruit is also rich in vitamin C 181.59 mg/100 g. Further chemical composition was analysed and results showed that moisture content found to be 89.28%, carbohydrate 12.4%, protein 2.56%, fat 0.87%. The other parameters such as acidity and pH of guava juice were observed as 0.539% and 3.25 respectively.